The role of prophylactic antimalarial in the reduction of placental parasitemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria

Inyang-Etoh, Emmanuel Columba; Agan, TU; Etuk, Saturday; Inyang-Etoh, PC

doi:10.4103/0300-1652.93795

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The nding further revealed that participants who used ITNs as prevention measure against malaria had a lower prevalence (8.3%) of malaria infection while those who shunned the use of ITNs in the index pregnancy had a higher prevalence (32.1%) of malaria infection. This nding is consistent with previous studies in Nigeria which found ITNs to be protective against malaria in pregnancy [8,11,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…IPT-sp in pregnancy has been established to lower the incidence of maternal anaemia and low birth weight baby through prevention of maternal parasitaemia [8,9,]. The overall result of this study is similar to that documented by Inyang-Etoh et al [20]. It was also consistent with previous studies in Nigeria which found IPT-sp to be protective against malaria in pregnancy [11,16,].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The Statistical Packaged for Social Sciences (SPSS) for window software version 20.0 was used to analyze athe data collected. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, the body temperature and the utilization of malaria prevention methods were described using appropriate tables and charts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization And Effectiveness Of Malaria Prevention Methods Among Pregnant Women In A Rural Community Of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Study.

Ibrahim¹,

Agbesanwa

Shabi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: National surveys indicate that among countries in Africa where malaria is endemic, Nigeria alone accounts for 21% of pregnancies that are unprotected from malaria. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the extent of utilization and effectiveness of malaria prevention methods, to find out the existing relationship between maternal parasitaemia and the effectiveness of these methods at (p<0.05) level of significance.Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey involving 264 consenting booked pregnant women who were recruited from antenatal clinic at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido -Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigerian. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, mode of malaria prevention, extent of utilization of malaria prevention methods and their effectiveness. Venous blood samples for malaria parasite test were collected and microscopic analysis was done to detect the malaria parasite in the obtained blood samples. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0Results: All the 264 pregnant women interviewed, consented to having their blood taken. In rank order, the mode of malaria prevention methods most commonly reported as being effective were Intermittent Preventive Treatment using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-sp) which was favored by majority 190 (72.0%). This was followed by Insecticide Spray 166 (62.9%). Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) were the least utilized by 108 (40.9%) respondents. Nine (8.3%) of the 108 participants that used ITNs, 15 (7.9%) of the 190 participants that used IPT-s and 18 (10.8%) of the 156 participants that used Insecticide Spray tested positive for malaria respectively. There was a statistically significant association between maternal parasitaemia and malaria prevention methods using ITNs (p=0.001), IPT-sp (p = 0.001) and Insecticide sprays (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The three malaria preventive methods adopted for this study were ITNs, IPT-sp and Insecticide Spray. Despite their protective effectiveness, their utilizations are still poor. Information and communication strategies with other concerted efforts by the stakeholders are suggested to ensure proper implementation of the national policy on malaria as adopted by other countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Utilization And Effectiveness Of Malaria Prevention Methods Among Pregnant Women In A Rural Community Of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Study.

Ibrahim¹,

Agbesanwa

Shabi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The least PCV loss of L. subnudus could be attributed to its best prophylactic effect least parasitemia level against the malaria parasite. PCV and parasitemia are interdependently related to each other with respect to invasion of malaria parasites in red blood cells [32]. The result from Fig.…”

Section: Fig 1 the Effects Of Mushroom Extracts Types On Parasitemimentioning

confidence: 83%

Prophylactic Effects of Some Nigerian Higher Fungi on Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium berghei berghei in BALB/c Strain Albino Mice

Oluranti

Jonathan

Olawuyi

2019

JABB

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The preventive abilities of some Nigerian higher fungi; Pleurotus pulmonarius, Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces robustus, Pleurotus tuber-regium collected from wood substrates, and the combined extracts (40 mg/mL) were studied against malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei berghei to exploit them as medicinal agents. The fruit bodies were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. Six hundred and twelve 4- 5 weeks old BALB/c mice (average weight 21 g) were assigned into 30 groups of twelve mice each. They were orally treated with 0.1 mL extracts of 4, 0.4, 0.04, 0.004, 0.0004 mg/mL before infecting with 0.2 mL of 5x106 parasitized erythrocytes. Chloroquine,CQ (20 mg/kg) served as controls. Liver and kidney were examined for histological changes. Parasitemic level, packed cell volume (PCV) and weights of animals were checked using standard methods. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA (at p= 0.05) were used for data analysis. Lentinus subnudus produced the highest decrease of parasitemia (30%), and recorded the least loss of PCV (27%), while Pleurotus tuber-regium produced the least weight loss of 26.5%. All the mushroom extracts produced same effect as CQ at concentrations 0.4 and 0.04 mg/mL. The tissues of infected animals without extracts had abnormalities. There were no histological damage in tissues of uninfected animals. Pre-infection treatment produced mild abnormal conditions from severe periportal infiltration and marked sinusoidal congestion. The extracts could be formulated into drugs against malaria however, appropriate dosage must be known.

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“…The minimum sample size needed to achieve a precision of 5% at 95% confidence level was determined [24] using the prevalence rate of placenta parasitaemia of 11.3% as documented by a study Inyang-Etoh et al in Nigeria [25], to a minimum sample size of 170. A total of 174 subjects were recruited and participated in the study.…”

Section: Sample Size Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between placenta malaria and mother to child transmission of HIV infection in pregnant women in South East Nigeria

Mbachu

Ejikunle

Anolue

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: This study determined the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV among HIV positive women with placenta malaria and factors associated with placenta malaria. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of booked HIV positive pregnant women in labour. A smear for malaria parasite was made from blood taken from the placental tissue post-delivery. The baby HIV testing was done with DNA polymerase chain reaction at 6 weeks postpartum. Data on age, parity, gestational age, religion, address, highest educational attainment and knowledge about malaria prevention in pregnancy was obtained with questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 20. The P-value was set at 0.05 providing a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A total of 174 booked HIV women participated in this study. The placental malaria parasitaemia prevalence was 44.8%. Overall rate of MTCT of HIV infection was 17.2%. Number of infants with HIV infection among women with maternal placental malarial parasitaemia was 30/78 (38.5%), while it was 0/96 (0%) for women without placenta malaria. There was significant relationship between placenta malaria density and infant HIV status (P-value = 0.001). The relative risk for MTCT of HIV for women with placenta malaria Density > 5000 was 25% with 95% confidence interval of 11.41-54.76%. Conclusion: The mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV was high among HIV positive women with placental malaria parasitaemia. There is the need to review the malarial treatment and prophylactic measures at least in this group of women and to establish the nature of relationship between placenta malaria and MTCT of HIV infection.

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The role of prophylactic antimalarial in the reduction of placental parasitemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Utilization And Effectiveness Of Malaria Prevention Methods Among Pregnant Women In A Rural Community Of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Study.

Utilization And Effectiveness Of Malaria Prevention Methods Among Pregnant Women In A Rural Community Of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Study.

Prophylactic Effects of Some Nigerian Higher Fungi on Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium berghei berghei in BALB/c Strain Albino Mice

Relationship between placenta malaria and mother to child transmission of HIV infection in pregnant women in South East Nigeria

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