The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

Cerdó, Tomás; García-Santos, José Antonio; García-Bermúdez, Mercedes; Campoy, Cristina

doi:10.3390/nu11030635

Cited by 279 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and insulin resistance were found to decrease in treated animals [147]. Other microorganisms have also shown to effectively treat and prevent obesity in animals, including Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28, Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Saccharomyces boulardii Biocodex [148].…”

Section: Clinical Evidence For Probiotic Therapy In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Green

Arora

Prakash

2020

IJMS

154

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Obesity has become a global epidemic and a public health crisis in the Western World, experiencing a threefold increase in prevalence since 1975. High-caloric diets and sedentary lifestyles have been identified as significant contributors to this widespread issue, although the role of genetic, social, and environmental factors in obesity’s pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. In recent years, much attention has been drawn to the contribution of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Indeed, research has shown that in contrast to their healthier counterparts the microbiomes of obese individuals are structurally and functionally distinct, strongly suggesting microbiome as a potential target for obesity therapeutics. In particular, pre and probiotics have emerged as effective and integrative means of modulating the microbiome, in order to reverse the microbial dysbiosis associated with an obese phenotype. The following review brings forth animal and human research supporting the myriad of mechanisms by which the microbiome affects obesity, as well as the strengths and limitations of probiotic or prebiotic supplementation for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Finally, we set forth a roadmap for the comprehensive development of functional food solutions in combatting obesity, to capitalize on the potential of pre/probiotic therapies in optimizing host health.

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Section: Clinical Evidence For Probiotic Therapy In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Green

Arora

Prakash

2020

IJMS

154

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“…Probiotics are commensal bacteria ("direct-fed microbials", DFM) that offer potential health beneficial bio-physiological effects to the host's stress response (acute, chronic, or both). Probiotics aid animals in adapting to their environments and protect against pathogens by: (1) altering the microbiota profile with beneficial bacteria to prevent the growth of pathogens and to compete with enteric pathogens for the limited availability of nutrient and attachment sites; (2) producing bacteriocins (such as bacteriostatic and bactericidal substances) and short-chain fatty acids against pathogens to regulate the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and energy homeostasis and to increase mineral solubility; (3) reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and acinar cell injury; (4) modulating host immune and inflammatory responses and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity which prevents pathogens from crossing the mucosal epithelium; (5) stimulating the endocrine system and attenuating stress-induced disorders of the HPA and/or SMA axes via the gut-brain axis; and (6) inducing epithelial heat shock proteins to protect cells from oxidative damage; and (7) synthesis and secretion of neurotransmitter such as 5-HT and tryptophan [16,17,[222][223][224][225][226]. In both human and rodent studies, probiotics reduce cognitive dysfunction, decrease the stress response and related oxidative damage by lowing plasma CORT and ACTH levels, restore hippocampal 5-HT levels, and normalize immunity with low plasma levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, but high levels of IL-10 (Interleukin-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine [67, [227][228][229][230].…”

Section: Probiotics and Bacillus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

Cheng¹,

Jiang²,

Hu³

2019

Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products

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Intestinal bacteria release various neuroactive compounds directly or indirectly regulating brain function to modulate host health and behavior through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics have been used as dietary supplements to target gut microbiota (microbiome) for prevention or therapeutic treatment of various diseases including mental disorders. In our study, chickens were used as an animal model to assess, if dietary supplementation of probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, reduces aggressive behaviors following social challenge. Chickens of an aggressive line were housed in single-hen cages. At 24 weeks of age, the hens were paired with similar body weight to identify the dominance rank (day 0). The subordinate and dominant of each pair were fed a regular layer diet or the diet mixed with 250 ppm probiotics for 2 weeks, then the second behavior test was performed between the same pair (day 14). The display of aggressive behaviors in the regular diet-fed chickens was not affected between the levels at day 0 and day 14, while the frequency of threat and aggressive pecking were reduced in the probiotic-fed chickens compared to the levels at day 0. These results suggest dietary probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, could be a suitable strategy for increasing hosts' mental health.

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“…Prebiotics have been reported to have different activities; for example, generation of bacteriocins, maintenance of gut health [133], possibility to be used as food additive and starter culture, clearance of cholesterol [134,135], potentiation of immune defense [136], inhibition of constipation and risk of obesity [137,138], inhibition of colitis [139], protection of colon and other organs against cancer [140][141][142], reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors, antioxidant activity [143,144], over-bioavailability [145]. According to scientific published data, the administration of oligofructose-enriched inulin (OEI) promotes malondialdehyde content, lipid profile, glycemic indices, and antioxidant level in female patients suffering from type II diabetes [146].…”

Section: Health Promoting Effect Of Prebiotics Probiotics and Synbimentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics

Durazzo

Nazhand

Lucarini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.

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The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

Cited by 279 publications

References 172 publications

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics

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