The role of porphyrin chemistry in tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy

Abstract

In recent years several review articles and books have been published on the use of porphyrin-based compounds in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This critical review is focused on (i) the basic concept of PDT, (ii) advantages of long-wavelength absorbing photosensitizers (PS), (iii) a brief discussion on recent advances in developing PDT agents, and (iv) the various synthetic strategies designed at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, for developing highly effective long-wavelength PDT agents and their utility in constructing the conjugates with tumor-imaging and therapeutic potential (Theranostics). The clinical status of certain selected PDT agents is also summarized (205 references).

Multifunctional Phosphorescent Conjugated Polymer Dots for Hypoxia Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells

“…As the good photosensitivity of porphyrin complexes for PDT,18 the potential applications of Pdots for PDT have been investigated. 1,3‐Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) was used as an 1 O 2 indicator[[qv: 14e]] and hematoporphyrin (φ ∆ = 0.65 in methanol)[[qv: 18c]] as a reference sensitizer to evaluate the 1 O 2 quantum yields of Pdots.…”

Multimetallic Complexes and Functionalized Nanoparticles Based on Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Donor Combinations

“…Therefore, a different unit of greater length was prepared from the reaction of rhodium trichloride and 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid under the same conditions used to generate Following the success of this approach to pentametallic complexes, attention turned to other metallic 'cores' with terminal carboxylic acid groups. In addition to their applications in fields as diverse as catalysis 25 and photodynamic therapy, 26 metalloporphyrins have also been employed as versatile building blocks for more complex systems. Their use as motifs in MOF design has been explored in a number of reports, 27 which have illustrated the potential of using peripheral functional groups to build complexity in to the system in a controlled manner.…”

Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. 5. Synthesis and biological evaluation of water soluble phosphorus(V) 5,10,15,20-tetraalkylporphyrins for PDT

“…However, present PDT drugs have significant draw backs such as slow tissue clearance, low solubility, inefficient targeting, patient photosensitivity, pain, and high costs [6]. Thus, current research targets new photosensitizers with optimized photophysical and pharmacological properties [7]. This often requires significant chemical manipulation [6] (more synthetic steps) or complex formulation strategies [9,10] (liposomes, nanomaterials) whereby the biocompatibility is somewhat unclear.…”