The Role of Parenting in Shaping the Impacts of Welfare-to-Work Programs on Children

McGroder, Sharon M.; Zaslow, Martha; Moore, Kristin Anderson; Hair, Elizabeth C.; Ahluwalia, Surjeet K.

doi:10.4324/9781410603616-16

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…All recipients had children ages 3 to 5 at random assignment. Our data came from the 2-year follow-up, at which point the children were ages 5 to 7, and the 5-year follow-up, at which point they were ages 8 to 10 (for further details, see McGroder et al, 2000; Hamilton et al, 2001). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these programs’ effects on other family outcomes and on child school achievement were generally small and inconsistent (McGroder, Zaslow, Moore, & LeMenestrel, 2000). Recent findings from other types of experimentally-evaluated welfare and anti-poverty programs have highlighted variation in program impacts for families with differing circumstances (Alderson, Gennetian, Dowsett, Imes, & Huston, 2008; Gassman-Pines, Godfrey, & Yoshikawa, 2009; Morris, Bloom, Kemple, & Hendra, 2003; Yoshikawa, Magnuson, Bos, & Hsueh, 2003).…”

Section: Importance Of Early and Middle Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial/Ethnic Differences in Effects of Welfare Policies on Early School Readiness and Later Achievement

Yoshikawa¹,

Gassman‐Pines

Morris

et al. 2010

Applied Developmental Science

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This study examined whether the effects of employment-based policies on children’s math and reading achievement differed for African American, Latino and Caucasian children of welfare receiving parents, and if so, why. Two kinds of employment policies were examined: education-first programs with an emphasis on adult education and job training; and work-first programs with an emphasis on immediate employment. With data from two- and five-year follow-ups in four experimental demonstrations in Grand Rapids, Michigan (N = 591) and Riverside County, California (N = 629), there was evidence of small positive effects of the Grand Rapids and Riverside education-first programs on African American and Latino children’s school readiness and math scores. An opposite pattern of effects emerged among Caucasian children. In one of the two sites, we found that Latino parents’ higher levels of goals for pursuing their own education appeared to explain why their children benefited to a greater degree from the program than their Caucasian counterparts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Early and Middle Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Effects of Welfare Policies on Early School Readiness and Later Achievement

Yoshikawa¹,

Gassman‐Pines

Morris

et al. 2010

Applied Developmental Science

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“…At the same time, nonvoluntary reductions in welfare use may have a much more negative effect on parents’ psychological well-being and children’s developmental outcomes than transitions that occur by choice, and data have rarely been available to explore this critical distinction. Experimental studies of mandatory welfare programs have found that reductions in welfare, when accompanied by increases in employment, yield few effects on children (McGroder, Zaslow, Moore, & LeMenestrel, 2000; Morris, Huston, Duncan, Crosby, & Bos, 2001); however, combining work and welfare may actually benefit families and children (Gennetian & Miller, 2002; Gennetian & Morris, 2003; Morris et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, what appears to be critical in understanding the effects of maternal employment on children’s development is the quality of employment and perhaps its timing (Brooks-Gunn, Han, & Waldfogel, 2002; Harvey, 1999; Menaghan & Parcel, 1995; Parcel & Menaghan, 1994). Research from experimental studies has shown that increases in employment alone have few effects on the cognitive and social development of young children (McGroder et al, 2000; Morris et al, 2001). However, extensive increases in employment without increases in income in the context of time-limited welfare have been found to result in negative effects on school-age children (Morris et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Losing the safety net: How a time-limited welfare policy affects families at risk of reaching time limits.

Morris¹,

Hendra²

2009

Developmental Psychology

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The authors examined the effects of Florida’s Family Transition Program (FTP), one of the first welfare reform initiatives to include a time limit on the receipt of federal cash assistance with other welfare requirements, on single-mother welfare-receiving families. Using a regression-based subgroup approach, they identified a group of families who were at risk of reaching the welfare time limit and subsequently assessed the experimental effects of the time-limited welfare policy on this group as compared to an otherwise comparable group of single-mother welfare-recipient families. For the families who were at risk of reaching the welfare time limit, FTP had few effects. FTP decreased mothers’ depressive symptoms, and mothers in the FTP group reported higher levels of children’s school achievement. There were no effects on parenting behavior or mothers’ reports of children’s social-emotional outcomes.

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“…[28] This latter intervention was a programme depattern of effects on children's health, although some significant signed to enhance motivation and job search skills, and it is negative effects have elsewhere been reported. [32] possible that the intervention itself may have directly affected mental health outcomes and not just acted through the increase in Five studies reported no significant difference in income, or…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Do Interventions to Increase Income Improve the Health of the Poor in Developed Economies and Are Such Policies Cost Effective?

Ludbrook

Porter

2004

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy

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Health policy has shifted towards placing a greater emphasis on the role of lifestyle and life circumstances in improving health. The factors that are associated with poor health status are known, but the comparative effectiveness of specific policy interventions in improving health and reducing inequalities in health is unclear. For example, there is little evidence that specific policies aimed at providing income support or poverty eradication have any measurable impact on health. Two previous reviews have addressed the evidence in this area but in a fairly restrictive way. One considered only randomised trials and the other excluded non-cash benefits. This article builds on the previous reviews in three ways: a broader scope of study designs and types of intervention is considered; more recent literature is reviewed; and it considers the extent to which an economic evaluation framework has been applied. A systematic search of electronic databases was carried out for literature published since 1980 and in the English language. Each study was appraised in terms of its relevance to the question of interest, and the quality of the study design was appraised in terms of its capacity to provide robust answers. Few studies were found with health outcomes as their main focus. Most of the studies that used secondary data sources or survey data were of poor quality. Where economic evaluations were reported, these tended to be restricted to financial assessments. Different types of interventions were evaluated. In studies of cash benefits, there was limited evidence that they had a positive effect on some health domains, mainly psychosocial. Studies in welfare-to-work interventions produced mixed results in terms of impact on either income or health; there was no consistent relationship between income gains and health improvements. Five welfare-to-work studies included 'benefit-cost analysis', but these were essentially financial assessments. Studies of benefits in kind did not meet the quality criteria for inclusion in this article. Overall, we found no evidence of the potential cost effectiveness of income support or anti-poverty initiatives in improving health, nor is there a strong effectiveness literature on which to build such analysis. However, the hypothesis that increased income may improve health cannot be said to have been properly tested. Studies generally analyse the incremental effect of changes to the welfare system and do not estimate the health effects of current provisions. The production function for good health is complex. Increasing income may be a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the creation of better health in those with low incomes.

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The Role of Parenting in Shaping the Impacts of Welfare-to-Work Programs on Children

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Effects of Welfare Policies on Early School Readiness and Later Achievement

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Effects of Welfare Policies on Early School Readiness and Later Achievement

Losing the safety net: How a time-limited welfare policy affects families at risk of reaching time limits.

Do Interventions to Increase Income Improve the Health of the Poor in Developed Economies and Are Such Policies Cost Effective?

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