The Role of Nitrates in the Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Review of the Current Evidence and Guidelines

Pragani, Mehul A.; Desai, Karan; Morrone, Doralisa; Sidhu, Mandeep S.; Boden, William E.

doi:10.3909/ricm0857

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In a recent analysis of trials published over the last 50 years, no superiority emerged for any of the agents listed as fist line versus those listed as second line [21] Beta-blockers and ivabradine are useful in the presence of flowlimiting obstructions, but they are ineffective when ischemia is caused by epicardial or microvascular spasm. Organic nitrates, acting as an exogenous substrate for nitric oxide (NO), are probably useful when endothelial dysfunction disrupts the endothelial L-arginine/NO pathway, resulting in decreased availability of bioactive NO with reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation, but induce tolerance with loss of efficacy [22]. When epicardial coronary or microvascular spasm is documented, calcium channel blockers should be the first choice [23].…”

Section: From a Hierarchical To A Tailored Approach In Drug Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Ischemia: From Disease to Syndrome

2020

Heart Metab

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Although current guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease acknowledge that multiple mechanisms may precipitate myocardial ischemia, recommended diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic algorithms are still focused on obstructive epicardial atherosclerotic lesions, and little progress has been made in identifying management strategies for non-atherosclerotic causes of myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this consensus paper is three-fold: 1) to marshal scientific evidence that obstructive atherosclerosis can co-exist with other mechanisms of ischemic heart disease (IHD); 2) to explore how the awareness of multiple precipitating mechanisms could impact on pre-test probability, provocative test results and treatment strategies; and 3) to stimulate a more comprehensive approach to chronic myocardial ischemic syndromes, consistent with the new understanding of this condition.

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Section: From a Hierarchical To A Tailored Approach In Drug Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Ischemia: From Disease to Syndrome

2020

Heart Metab

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“…A recent study showed that human saliva also contains NO in nano-micromolar levels. , Oral bacteria and salivary glands play a major role in the conversion process of NO from nitrate (NO 3 ) or nitrite (NO 2 ) in the salivary fluid. − Any increase and decrease in the NO level in saliva can cause several deadly diseases including ischemia, hypertension, Parkinson, myocardial infarction, and cancer. − Oral diseases like periodontitis are also linked to higher NO concentrations in saliva …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Detection in Human Saliva Using Pt and TiO₂ Nanoparticle Composite Electrodes

Patra

Deka

Dash

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Nitric oxide (NO) plays major roles in various physiological processes, such as neurotransmission, vasodilation, blood pressure monitoring, and immune response. Precise regulation of NO concentration in our body can be measured as a potential biomarker for numerous diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, ischemia, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this report, an electrochemical NO sensor was fabricated using a nanocomposite material consisting of Pt and TiO2 nanoparticles (Pt-TiO2 NPs). Pt and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel method. NO sensing measurements were carried out using a Pt-TiO2 NPs-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode after adding various concentrations of NO. The nanoparticles-modified GC electrode demonstrated high sensitivity (∼7.81 μA mM–1cm–2) in a wide linear detection range (∼10 nM to 17.79 mM). The sensor exhibited a very low detection limit (∼2.47 nM), high stability, and excellent selectivity toward NO. NO detection using a Pt-TiO2 NPs-deposited screen-printed carbon electrode was also studied in detail. Such a highly sensitive and selective sensor has been employed for noninvasive NO detection in human saliva.

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“…This contamination is due to the extensive use of nitrogen based-fertilizers [1][2][3], which jeopardizes its viability as a source of drinking water [4]. Excess nitrate in drinking water can cause serious health problems [5], leading to ischemic heart disease [6], cancer [7,8], multiple sclerosis [9], Non-Hodgkim lymphoma among other conditions [10], and methemoglobinemia or "blue baby syndrome" [11]. For this reason, the threshold value in drinking water is established by the World Health Organization at 50 mg/L, which equates to 11 mg/L of nitrogen coming from nitrate [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Removal Kinetics of Nitrate Ions on Copper from Acidic Medium

Guettari,

Rehamnia

2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The electrocatalytic activity of the copper electrode for nitrate electroreduction was performed in acidic medium. The mechanism of the reduction reaction was studied by cyclic voltammetry. One cathodic peak was detected at ca. -0.62 V/SCE, where the charge transfer reaction takes place. The number of electrons involved in the corresponding potential was determined to be eight. The ratedetermining step was concluded to be the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen dioxide. According to further analysis, the reduction reaction of NO 3 on the copper electrode proved to be an irreversible process, with diffusion as its limiting factor. At low concentrations ([NO 3 -]≤0.1 M), nitrate removal follows first-order kinetics, while it approaches zero at high concentrations ([NO 3 -]≥0.1 M). As a result, the adsorption phenomena associated with the nitrate reduction process follow a Langmuir isotherm adsorption with a -5.0 Kj mol -1 adsorption Gibbs free energy. The charge transfer due to nitrate reaction and hydrogen evolution was further verified by EIS measurements at different potentials, where the diffusion of nitrate ions limits the reaction process. Bulk electrolysis results revealed that current density has a significant effect on nitrate removal efficiency, as well as a percentage of nitrate destruction of up to 88% after 2h, indicating the high capacity of copper for nitrate removal.

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The Role of Nitrates in the Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Review of the Current Evidence and Guidelines

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Myocardial Ischemia: From Disease to Syndrome

Myocardial Ischemia: From Disease to Syndrome

Noninvasive Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Detection in Human Saliva Using Pt and TiO₂ Nanoparticle Composite Electrodes

Electrochemical Removal Kinetics of Nitrate Ions on Copper from Acidic Medium

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The Role of Nitrates in the Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Review of the Current Evidence and Guidelines

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Myocardial Ischemia: From Disease to Syndrome

Myocardial Ischemia: From Disease to Syndrome

Noninvasive Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Detection in Human Saliva Using Pt and TiO2 Nanoparticle Composite Electrodes

Electrochemical Removal Kinetics of Nitrate Ions on Copper from Acidic Medium

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Product

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Noninvasive Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Detection in Human Saliva Using Pt and TiO₂ Nanoparticle Composite Electrodes