The Role of Microbiota in Depression - A Brief Review

Zalar, Bojan; Haslberger, Alexander G.; Peterlin, Borut

doi:10.24869/spsih.2018.136

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Increasing evidences showed some metabolic products of gut microbiota could enter the bloodstream and exert important influences on the physiology and behavior of the hosts. [25][26][27] Next, we explored the host metabolic profile in the same samples as that of metagenomics analysis which include 30 C-ASD and TD through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and examined the relationship between microbiota and metabolites. The fecal samples from distinct groups were largely separated according to the Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) ( Figure 5(a-d)), suggesting a dissimilar metabolic mode.…”

Section: Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Aberrant Metabolic Patterns Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbial profile is associated with abnormal metabolism activity of Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2020

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. To enhance the understanding of the gut microbiota structure in ASD children at different ages as well as the relationship between gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, we first used the 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the gut microbial population in a cohort of 143 children aged 2-13 years old. We found that the α-diversity of ASD group showed no significant change with age, while the TD group showed increased α-diversity with age, which indicates that the compositional development of the gut microbiota in ASD varies at different ages in ways that are not consistent with TD group. Recent studies have shown that chronic constipation is one of the most commonly obvious gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms along with ASD core symptoms. To further investigate the potential interaction effects between ASD and GI symptoms, the 30 C-ASD and their aged-matched TD were picked out to perform metagenomics analysis. We observed that C-ASD group displayed decreased diversity, depletion of species of Sutterella, Prevotella, and Bacteroides as well as dysregulation of associated metabolism activities, which may involve in the pathogenesis of C-ASD. Consistent with metagenomic analysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/ MS) revealed some of the differential metabolites between C-ASD and TD group were involved in the metabolic network of neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, histidine, and GABA. Furthermore, we found these differences in metabolites were associated with altered abundance of specific bacteria. The study suggested possible future modalities for ASD intervention through targeting the specific bacteria associated with neurotransmitter metabolism.

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Section: Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Aberrant Metabolic Patterns Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbial profile is associated with abnormal metabolism activity of Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2020

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“…Multiple theories of depression exist, among them monoamine deficiency [3] and neurogenesis disruption are two predominant ones [4]. Recently it was proved that the alterations within the gut microbiota composition—referred to as dysbiosis and consequently skewed production of microbiota byproducts—may play a role in the genesis of inflammatory state in situ but also affect in the bidirectional communication between gut and brain [5,6,7]. To close the vicious circle, inflammation has been recently implicated in the origin of depression [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women

et al. 2018

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Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) being produced during fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides are regulatory compounds with the potential to influence inflammatory, as well as emotional state and cognition through the gut–brain axis. We analyzed the association between stool concentration of SCFAs (acetic acid (C 2:0), propionic acid (C 3:0), isobutyric acid (C 4:0 i), butyric acid (C 4:0 n), isovaleric acid (C 5:0 i) valeric acid (C 5:0 n), isocaproic acid (C 6:0 i), caproic acid, and (C 6:0 n) heptanoic acid (C 7:0)) and depressive symptoms among women and looked for the potential confounders of microbiota byproduct synthesis. We enrolled 116 women aged 52.0 ± 4.7 years and recognized depression in 47 (40.52%). To analyze the emotional state, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. We assessed SCFAs content by means of gas chromatography. Fiber intake was estimated using parts of food frequency questionnaire. The content of acetic acid was significantly lowered compared to non-depressed women (median {IQR}: 29.49 {20.81} vs. 34.99 {19.55}, p = 0.04). A tendency toward decreased level of propionic acid was noticed (median {IQR}: 16.88 {9.73} vs. 21.64 {12.17}, p = 0.07), while the concentration of isocaproic acid was significantly increased in (median {IQR}: 0.89 {1.15} vs. 0.56 {0.95}, p < 0.01) comparison to matched healthy subjects. We found negative correlations between acetate, propionate, and Beck’s score (r = −0.2, p = 0.03; r = −0.21, p = 0.02, respectively). Statistically significant correlations between acetate and propionate and BDI somatic score (r = −0.21, p = 0.01; r = −0.17, p = 0.03), as well as correlations regarding isocaproic and both cognitive/affective (r = 0.37, p = 0.0001) and somatic (r = 9.37, p < 0.001) scores were found. Women who declared current usage of lipid-lowering and thyroid drugs in the past, had higher content of C6:0-i (Users; median {IQR}: 1.91 {3.62} vs. non-users; 0.55 {0.67}; p = 0.0048).and lower of C2:0 (Users; median {IQR}: 23.07 {12.80} vs. non users 33.73 {21.44}; p = 0.041), respectively. No correlations regarding SCFAs concentration and fiber intake were found. We concluded that SCFAs may potentially contribute to depression phenotype, however, due to the small size of groups suffering from moderately heavy (n = 5) and severe (n = 7) depression, the conclusion should be treated with caution. Pharmacotherapy of hyperlipidemia and thyroid disease might affect SCFAs synthesis. Studies with more participants are required.

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“…Elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-2 [8,9], could potentially affect the central nervous system (CNS) functions via direct and afferent pathways [10]. Consequently, factors influencing other inflammatory processes within an organism, such as alterations in the gut microbiota, and intestinal permeability, as well as subclinical inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract or other organs, may contribute to depression [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Patients Going through a Depressive Episode during Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting

Liśkiewicz

Pełka-Wysiecka

Kaczmarczyk

et al. 2019

JCM

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Rationale: There is a worldwide prevalence of generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders (MDD). Gut–brain axis dysfunction, antibacterial activity, and modulatory effects of antidepressants toward intestinal bacteria have been shown both in vitro and in vivo. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hospital stay, including escitalopram administration, on gut microbiota in patients with depressive episodes. Methods: After admission to the hospital and 7-days washout from all medications the composition of fecal microbiota samples was evaluated at baseline (W0) and after 6 weeks (W6), using 16S rRNA sequencing. The study was conducted on 17 inpatients (52.9% females), who followed the same daily hospital routine, including a standard diet and received 5–20 mg daily doses of escitalopram. Results: At the end of treatment (W6), no change was observed in the Chao1 index. However, Shannon (median (Q1–Q3): W0 2.78 (2.67–3.02) vs. W6 3.11 (2.80–3.30)), and inverse Simpson (median (Q1–Q3): W0 9.26 (7.26–13.76) vs. W6 12.13 (9.17–15.73)) indices increased significantly compared to baseline values (False Discovery Rate p (q) = 0.031 and q = 0.011, respectively). We also found that between-subject W0 Bray–Curtis dissimilarities were significantly higher than W0–W6 within-subject dissimilarities (median (Q1–Q3): 0.68 (0.56–0.77) vs. 0.38 (0.35–0.52), two sided Mann–Whitney test p < 0.00001. The within-subject dissimilarities did not depend on sex, age, BMI, illness duration and a daily dose of escitalopram. No significant differences between taxa levels, at the studied time points, were observed when adjusted for multiple hypotheses testing procedures. Conclusions: We conclude that a six-week treatment in a psychiatric hospital setting resulted in increased alpha biodiversity in fecal microbiota, however its causal relationship with patients’ mental health was not proved. We have also found that individual microbiome stability was not affected by hospitalization.

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The Role of Microbiota in Depression - A Brief Review

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Altered gut microbial profile is associated with abnormal metabolism activity of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Altered gut microbial profile is associated with abnormal metabolism activity of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women

Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Patients Going through a Depressive Episode during Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting

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