Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Patients Going through a Depressive Episode during Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting

Liśkiewicz, Paweł; Pełka-Wysiecka, Justyna; Kaczmarczyk, Mariusz; Łoniewski, Igor; Wroński, Michał; Bąba-Kubiś, Agata; Skonieczna-Żydecka, Karolina; Marlicz, Wojciech; Misiak, Błażej; Samochowiec, Jerzy

doi:10.3390/jcm8020164

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A previous animal study reported a significant difference in specific species composition between rats treated with escitalopram and those receiving vehicle, while the beta diversity in principal coordinate analysis did not differ significantly ( Cussotto et al, 2018 ). Moreover, a recent human study did not show a significant change regarding beta diversity after 6 weeks’ intake of escitalopram in a controlled hospital setting ( Liskiewicz et al, 2019 ). Our results were in line with these previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of Psychotropics on the Microbiome in Patients With Depression and Anxiety: Considerations in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting

Tomizawa

Kurokawa

Ishii

et al. 2020

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background The antibacterial effects of psychotropics may be part of their pharmacological effects when treating depression. However, limited studies have focused on gut microbiota in relation to prescribed medication. Method We longitudinally investigated the relationship between patients’ prescribed medications and intestinal bacterial diversity in a naturalistic treatment course for patients with major depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Patients were recruited and their stool was collected at three time points during their usual psychiatric treatments. Gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We examined the impact of psychotropics (i.e., antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics) on their gut microbial diversity and functions. Result We collected 246 stool samples from 40 patients. Despite no differences in microbial diversity between medication groups at the baseline, over the course of treatment, phylogenic diversity (PD) whole tree diversity decreased in patients on antipsychotics compared to patients without (p=0.027), and beta diversity followed this trend. Based on a fixed-effect model, antipsychotics predicted microbial diversity; the higher doses correlated with less diversity based on the Shannon index and PD whole tree (Estimate = -0.00254, SE = 0.000595, p < 0.0001; Estimate = -0.02644, SE = 0.00833, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion Antipsychotics may play a role in decreasing the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome among patients with depression and anxiety, and our results indicate a relationship with medication dosage. Future studies are warranted and should consider patients’ types and doses of antipsychotics in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of gut-brain interactions in psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One previous study by Liskiewicz et al (2019) focused longitudinally on the relationship between depression severity and gut microbial diversity among 17 patients in a hospital setting. A significant increase in alpha diversity in the Shannon index was observed after 6 weeks of pharmacotherapy, but not in the Chao1 index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Psychotropics on the Microbiome in Patients With Depression and Anxiety: Considerations in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting

Tomizawa

Kurokawa

Ishii

et al. 2020

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…This latter species is known to have beneficial anti-inflammatory properties and can protect against gut barrier dysfunction and fat mass development 37 . More recently, an increase in fecal microbiota biodiversity, mainly alpha diversity was shown in human patients after six weeks of concomitant therapy using 5-20 mg of escitalopram 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the antimicrobial action of antidepressants on gut commensal microbes

Chait

Mottawea

Tompkins³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Over the past decade, there has been increasing evidence highlighting the implication of the gut microbiota in a variety of brain disorders such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Studies have shown that depression affects the stability of gut microbiota, but the impact of antidepressant treatments on microbiota structure and metabolism remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of antidepressants from different therapeutic classes against representative strains of human gut microbiota. Six different antidepressants: phenelzine, venlafaxine, desipramine, bupropion, aripiprazole and (S)-citalopram have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against 12 commensal bacterial strains using agar well diffusion, microbroth dilution method, and colony counting. The data revealed an important antimicrobial activity (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) of different antidepressants against the tested strains, with desipramine and aripiprazole being the most inhibitory. Strains affiliating to most dominant phyla of human microbiota such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium animalis and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly altered, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 75 to 800 μg/mL. A significant reduction in bacterial viability was observed, reaching 5 logs cycle reductions with tested MICs ranged from 400 to 600 μg/mL. Our findings demonstrate that gut microbiota could be altered in response to antidepressant drugs.

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“…The human intestine contains the largest community of the roughly 100 trillion (Sender et al, 2016) commensal and symbiotic bacteria (Marietta et al, 2015). It influences the immune system (Thaiss et al, 2016), autoimmunity (Shamriz et al, 2016), allergies (Prince et al, 2015), inflammatory bowel disease (Frank et al, 2011), depression (Liśkiewicz et al, 2019), the wellbeing (Neto & O'Toole, 2016) and the BMI (Chen et al, 2014), (Goodrich et al, 2014). The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is our largest immunologic organ with over 70% of the total immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Dietary Supplement on the Gut Microbiome of Overweight Young Women

Joller¹,

Cabaset²,

Maurer

2020

Preprint

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Background: The importance of the gut microbiome cannot be overstated. Besides the help in digestion, it influences the immune system, produces immunologic and neurologic communication molecules, hormones and vitamins. The gut microbiome is also involved in controlling the BMI (Body Mass Index). Objectives: We attempted to influence the gut microbiome with a herbal yeast-based dietary supplement in 26 women (BASEC ID 2016-02162; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03223987, BS2016.1) with a BMI between 30 and 35 and and aged 25 to 35 years within 3 weeks. The clinical trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Our hypothesis was that the supplement modifies the microbiome individually by more than 20%. Methods: With shotgun sequencing in the 2 stool samples of each participant we found 68 bacterial species. Results: The microbiome was altered by more than 20%. Five bacterial species were identical to probiotic species known as good butyrate producers and described as beneficial for the gut. Seventy percent of our study cohort showed an increase in the majority of these beneficial microbes during the study. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes is an important parameter in analyzing overweight persons. Twelve of the participants initially showed a F/B ratio (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio) above 1.6. After three weeks, five of these women normalized. Conclusions: A baker s yeast-based food supplement is able to modulate the gut microbiome of overweight young women within 3 weeks.

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Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Patients Going through a Depressive Episode during Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Psychotropics on the Microbiome in Patients With Depression and Anxiety: Considerations in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting

Effects of Psychotropics on the Microbiome in Patients With Depression and Anxiety: Considerations in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting

Unravelling the antimicrobial action of antidepressants on gut commensal microbes

Influence of a Dietary Supplement on the Gut Microbiome of Overweight Young Women

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