The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders

Socała, Katarzyna; Doboszewska, Urszula; Szopa, Aleksandra; Serefko, Anna; Włodarczyk, Marcin; Zielińska, Anna; Poleszak, Ewa; Fichna, Jakub; Właź, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105840

Cited by 246 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 425 publications

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“…Psychological stress and inflammation are common threads in the pathophysiology of disorders in which microbiota may have a role. Depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, and migraine are all caused by stress, whereas depression, schizophrenia, ASD, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and migraine are all caused by inflammation [ 97 ].…”

Section: Limosilactobacillus Reuteri and The Gut–brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Health and Disease

2022

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Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a microorganism with valuable probiotic qualities that has been widely employed in humans to promote health. It is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that exerts beneficial health effects due to several metabolic mechanisms that enhance the production of anti-inflammatory cytochines and modulate the gut microbiota by the production of antimicrobial molecules, including reuterin. This review provides an overview of the data that support the role of probiotic properties, and the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of some L. reuteri strains in relation to their metabolite production profile on the amelioration of many diseases and disorders. Although the results discussed in this paper are strain dependent, they show that L. reuteri, by different mechanisms and various metabolites, may control body weight and obesity, improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, increase gut integrity and immunomodulation, and attenuate hepatic disorders. Gut microbiota modulation by ingesting probiotic L. reuteri strains could be a promising preventative and therapeutic approach against many diseases and disorders.

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Section: Limosilactobacillus Reuteri and The Gut–brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Health and Disease

2022

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“…Interestingly, the composition of the gut microbiota is different in patients with severe and moderate major depression disorder in comparison to healthy individuals [ 5 ]. In line with this, the gut microbiota can exert effects on central nervous system (CNS) functions via the microbiota–gut–brain axis, which has been extensively reviewed elsewhere [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotics on Psychiatric Symptoms and Central Nervous System Functions in Human Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: The gut microbiota impacts on central nervous system (CNS) function via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Thus, therapeutics targeting the gut microbiota such as probiotics have the potential for improving mental health. This meta-analysis synthesizes the evidence regarding the impacts of probiotics on psychological well-being, psychiatric symptoms and CNS functioning. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for executing this review using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The data were summarized at qualitative and quantitative level. Results: Fifty-four randomized placebo-controlled studies were included, of which 30 were eligible for meta-analysis. If investigated, the probiotics mostly exerted effects on CNS function. Most probiotics did not affect mood, stress, anxiety, depression and psychiatric distress when compared to placebo at the qualitative level. At quantitative level, depression and psychiatric distress improved slightly in the probiotic condition (depression: mean difference −0.37 (95% CI: −0.55, −0.20); p ≤ 0.0001; psychiatric distress: mean difference −0.33 (95% CI: −0.53, −0.13); p = 0.001). Conclusions: To date it is unclear to which extent and in which specific areas next generation probiotics selected and developed for their ability to improve psychiatric condition and potentially other CNS functions are promising.

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“…Studies examining gut microbiota in MDD and healthy controls (HC) generally show decreased microbial richness and diversity [ 28 ]. A research has studied active and remitted MDD compared to controls showing differences in diversity, and in the levels of specific bacterial taxa, particularly among patients with clinically significant depressive symptoms [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, innate immune pathways, and inflammatory control mechanisms in patients with major depressive disorder

et al. 2021

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Although alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), including through effects on the immune response, our understanding is deficient about the straight connection patterns among microbiota and MDD in patients. Male and female MDD patients were recruited: 46 patients with a current active MDD (a-MDD) and 22 in remission or with only mild symptoms (r-MDD). Forty-five healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. Psychopathological states were assessed, and fecal and blood samples were collected. Results indicated that the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was higher in MDD patients compared with HC and the oxidative stress levels were greater in the a-MDD group. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (an indirect marker of bacterial translocation) was higher in a-MDD patients compared with the other groups. Fecal samples did not cluster according to the presence or the absence of MDD. There were bacterial genera whose relative abundance was altered in MDD: Bilophila (2-fold) and Alistipes (1.5-fold) were higher, while Anaerostipes (1.5-fold) and Dialister (15-fold) were lower in MDD patients compared with HC. Patients with a-MDD presented higher relative abundance of Alistipes and Anaerostipes (1.5-fold) and a complete depletion of Dialister compared with HC. Patients with r-MDD presented higher abundance of Bilophila (2.5-fold) compared with HC. Thus, the abundance of bacterial genera and some immune pathways, both with potential implications in the pathophysiology of depression, appear to be altered in MDD, with the most noticeable changes occurring in patients with the worse clinical condition, the a-MDD group.

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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders

Cited by 246 publications

References 425 publications

Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Health and Disease

Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Health and Disease

Effect of Probiotics on Psychiatric Symptoms and Central Nervous System Functions in Human Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gut microbiota, innate immune pathways, and inflammatory control mechanisms in patients with major depressive disorder

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