The Role of Marine-Protected Areas as A Life Support for Fishery Communities: Indonesian Perspective

Abstract

This chapter examines relevant literature on marine-protected areas (MPAs) development and their benefit to support fishery communities in Indonesia. The MPAs concepts experienced since Indonesia’s kingdoms eras, continuing the Dutch Colonial period, the next post-independence, and the period from 2000 to the present. One of the functions of MPAs is as a source of livelihood for fishery communities. The size of MPAs in the year 2000 was around 2.6 million hectares (ha) and significantly increased in 2021 up to 23.3 million ha. The size of MPAs is growing along with forming the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. The Indonesian government targets MPAs of 32.5 million ha or 10% of the territorial sea of the archipelago. The involvement of stakeholders in the utilization and management of MPAs ensures the area’s sustainability and environmental safety. It improves the welfare of fishermen through the availability of fish resources. Therefore, in the purpose of protecting ecological assets, even though the literature sources were limited, our finding suggests that many MPAs involving local communities and traditional management can become the foundation of the fishery community’s livelihood.

Evaluating annual severe coral bleaching risk for marine protected areas across Indonesia

“…1; Table S1). The intention was that the 35 MPAs could showcase best practices for MPA management effectiveness and identify "lessons learned" from building effective management, which then can be applied to the rest of the MPA network [16,46]. Of the 35 MPAs, 10 are managed at a national level by the National Technical Unit (Balai/Loka Kawasan Konservasi Nasional) directly by MMAF from Jakarta (this unit directs local staff within the MPA), whilst the remaining 25 are managed by the provincial government fisheries offices [46].…”