The role of long noncoding RNA H19 in gynecological pathologies: Insights into gene regulation and immune modulation (Review)

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of versatile molecules that exhibit the potential to regulate gene expression at various levels, namely transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic, thereby influencing critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and drug resistance. The lncRNA H19, among the earliest identified within this category, has emerged as a significant participant in the pathogenesis of a multitude of both malignant and benign gynecological diseases. An escalating body of evidence indicates a functionally pertinent network of lncRNA H19 coexpression linked with the extracellular matrix architecture and immune microenvironment during cancer progression. This association may provide insightful leads for the selection of innovative diagnostic biomarkers and assist in the delineation of potent pharmaceutical targets for gynecological oncology. The present comprehensive review presented a synthesis of the expression profiles and multifaceted implications of lncRNA H19 across a spectrum of gynecological pathologies. Contents1. Introduction 2. Overview of lncRNA 3. Multifaceted role of lncRNA H19 4. lncRNA H19 and gynecologic malignancies 5. lncRNA H19 and benign gynecological diseases 6. Effects of lncRNA H19 on immunity 7. Conclusion

Identification and coregulation pattern analysis of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain after Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection

“…In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lncRNA H19 is significantly upregulated and inhibits the proliferation of Treg cells and promotes the conversion of Treg cells to Tfh cells through the direct inhibition of IL-2 production, which results in immune dysregulation and exacerbates autoimmunity [ 49 ]. Interleukin-2 cytokine is an important modulator of immune responses [ 50 ]. H19 is overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) cells and contributes to immune escape from GC cells by decreasing immune cell activity and IL-2 expression through the miR-519d-3p/LDHA/lactate axis [ 51 ].…”

“…In addition, lncRNA H19 can regulate immune cell infiltration through miR-378a-5p/SERPINH1 signaling [ 52 ]. The effect of lncRNA H19 on immune regulation is diverse, a recurring theme in literature is the relationship between lncRNA H19 and inflammatory responses [ 50 ]. In retinal ischaemia and reperfusion, high H19 expression mediates ceRNET to trigger the mutual activation of NLRP3/NLRP6 inflammatory vesicles, which subsequently initiates GSDMD lysis and microglia scorching [ 53 , 54 ], leading to a strong proinflammatory response triggered by a substantial release of cellular contents [ 55 ].…”