The Role of Lead, Manganese, and Zinc in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Attention-Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Case-Control Study on Syrian Children Affected by the Syrian Crisis

Hawari, Israa; Eskandar, Mohamad Bashar; Alzeer, Samar

doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02146-3

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Studies of cellular metal compositions and their associated proteins have been of increasing interest throughout recent years. In these studies, various factors have been considered, such as age, the severity of ASD, impacts of toxic metals on essential metals, and the presence of specific metalloproteins such as metallothioneins ( Vergani et al, 2011 ; Al-Farsi et al, 2013 ; Macedoni-Lukšič et al, 2015 ; Hawari et al, 2020 ). However, since the direct measurement of metal concentrations in brain tissue of human participants with ASD is currently not achievable, most metallomics studies were performed using blood, hair, nail, or tooth samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metallome as a Link Between the “Omes” in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Stanton

Malijauskaite

McGourty

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Metal dyshomeostasis plays a significant role in various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and many more. Like studies investigating the proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, microbiome, etc., for years, metallomics studies have focused on data from their domain, i.e., trace metal composition, only. Still, few have considered the links between other “omes,” which may together result in an individual’s specific pathologies. In particular, ASD have been reported to have multitudes of possible causal effects. Metallomics data focusing on metal deficiencies and dyshomeostasis can be linked to functions of metalloenzymes, metal transporters, and transcription factors, thus affecting the proteome and transcriptome. Furthermore, recent studies in ASD have emphasized the gut-brain axis, with alterations in the microbiome being linked to changes in the metabolome and inflammatory processes. However, the microbiome and other “omes” are heavily influenced by the metallome. Thus, here, we will summarize the known implications of a changed metallome for other “omes” in the body in the context of “omics” studies in ASD. We will highlight possible connections and propose a model that may explain the so far independently reported pathologies in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metallome as a Link Between the “Omes” in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Stanton

Malijauskaite

McGourty

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…Except for one study 24 in which both case and control groups had diabetes, other studies used healthy individuals and people with ADHD as control and case groups, respectively. Of the available studies, four were conducted in Egypt 24 , 28 , 29 , 33 , three in Russia 13 , 37 , 38 , two in Turkey 32 , 36 , two in the United States 34 , 41 , and others in Syria 25 , China 26 , Iran 27 , Slovakia 30 , Israel 31 , Saudi Arabia 35 , New Zealand 39 , Indonesia 40 , Thailand 12 , Korea 42 , and Georgia 43 . Twenty studies had case–control design and only two studies 13 , 28 were conducted by cross-sectional design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty studies had case–control design and only two studies 13 , 28 were conducted by cross-sectional design. According to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, nine studies were assigned to moderate quality 12 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 36 , 40 , 41 , and the rest of them had high quality (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Ghoreishy

Mousavi

Asoudeh

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Previous studies regarding the zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded inconsistent results. Thus, the present meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the association between hair and serum/plasma zinc levels and ADHD. Online databases of Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched up to October 2020 with no limitation in time and language. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) of hair and serum/plasma zinc levels were calculated using a random-effects model. Overall, 22 articles with 1280 subjects with ADHD and 1200 controls were included. The pooled effect size indicated that serum/plasma zinc levels in subjects with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = − 1.26 µmol/L; 95% CI − 3.72, 1.20). Interestingly, the exclusion of one study from the analysis showed that people with ADHD significantly have lower circulating levels of zinc compared to their controls (WMD: − 2.49 µmol/L; 95% CI − 4.29, − 0.69). Also, the pooled effect size indicated that hair zinc levels in cases with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = − 24.19 μg/g; 95% CI − 61.80, 13.42). Present meta-analysis raises the possibility that subjects with ADHD are prone to have declined levels of zinc levels. Based on current findings, screening the zinc levels in subjects with ADHD could be reasonable. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the role of zinc in the etiology of ADHD.

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“…Some researchers [ 72 , 73 ] studied the level of mercury in plasma, erythrocytes, brain, hair, and urine of patients with ASD and healthy people and have established that impaired processes of detoxication and metal excretion in the sick people resulted in its accumulation in tissues, stimulation of neuroinflammation, and disease development. In other investigations, abnormal concentration of chromium, magnesium, and zinc in hair and/or blood have been detected in patients with ASD compared to the control group [ 74 ], special importance was attached to zinc deficiency [ 75 – 77 ].…”

Section: Systemic Approaches To the Study Of Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Aberrant Neuroplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorders (Review)

Anashkina¹,

Ерлыкина²

2021

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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This review presents the analysis and systematization of modern data on the molecular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) development. Polyetiology and the multifactorial nature of ASD have been proved. The attempt has been made to jointly review and systematize current hypotheses of ASD pathogenesis at the molecular level from the standpoint of aberrant brain plasticity. The mechanism of glutamate excitotoxicity formation, the effect of imbalance of neuroactive amino acids and their derivatives, neurotransmitters, and hormones on the ASD formation have been considered in detail. The strengths and weaknesses of the proposed hypotheses have been analyzed from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. The conclusion has been drawn on the leading role of glutamate excitotoxicity as a biochemical mechanism of aberrant neuroplasticity accompanied by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mechanism of aberrant neuroplasticity has also been traced at the critical moments of the nervous system development taking into account the influence of various factors of the internal and external environment. New approaches to searching for ASD molecular markers have been considered.

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The Role of Lead, Manganese, and Zinc in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Attention-Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Case-Control Study on Syrian Children Affected by the Syrian Crisis

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

The Metallome as a Link Between the “Omes” in Autism Spectrum Disorders

The Metallome as a Link Between the “Omes” in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Molecular Mechanisms of Aberrant Neuroplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorders (Review)

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