The Role of Irradiation in Food Safety

Osterholm, Michael T.; Norgan, Andrew P.

doi:10.1056/nejmsb032657

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In many countries, food irradiation has been greatly promoted owing to its effectiveness in reducing the risk of food contamination. Approved by several public health agencies, including the WHO and CDC, the technology of food irradiation is only partially utilized in some areas in Europe and the USA because of the risk of radioactivity (Osterholm & Norgan 2004). Vaccination is an effective measure in preventing enteric fever.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance

Eng

Pusparajah

Mutalib

et al. 2015

Frontiers in Life Science

684

482

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Salmonella is one of the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens. It is a major worldwide public health concern, accounting for 93.8 million foodborne illnesses and 155,000 deaths per year. To date, over 2500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified and more than half of them belong to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, which accounts for the majority of Salmonella infections in humans. Salmonella infections that involve invasive serotypes are often life threatening, necessitating appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes is having a great impact on the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and an increasing prevalence of MDR strains may lead to an increase in mortality rates of Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies indicate that MDR Salmonella serotypes are more virulent than susceptible strains, as reflected by increased severity and more prolonged disease in patients infected by MDR strains. Preventive measures have been proposed to eliminate the spread of Salmonella infection. While the maintenance of effective food hygiene and water sanitation remain the cornerstones, additional measures such as restriction of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animals are important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella infection, and discusses the nomenclature, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance

Eng

Pusparajah

Mutalib

et al. 2015

Frontiers in Life Science

684

482

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show abstract

“…Avoidance of soft cheeses, raw or undercooked seafood, delicatessen salads and lunchmeats not reheated to at least 165 °F, unpasteurized dairy products, raw and undercooked eggs, and non-potable water for drinking and food preparation were identified as important for disease prevention in this population. Eventually, high-risk groups may be advised to consume irradiated meats, poultry, and other foods as the technology becomes more widely accepted [72].…”

Section: Preventing Zoonotic Infections In the Immunocompromisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

2005

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-The immunocompromised are at particular risk for infection with zoonotic diseases. Persons can be temporarily immunocompromised due to pregnancy or developmental stage (i.e. infants); longer-term or permanent states of immunosuppression can occur as a result of immunosuppressive treatment following cancer or organ transplant, or from infectious diseases, such as AIDS. The focus of this review article is on emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases that are of particular concern among the immunocompromised. Factors that affect disease emergence can include factors such as human demographics and behavior; technology and industry; economic development and land use; international travel and commerce; microbial adaptation and change; and breakdown of public health measures. The immunocompromised need to take precautions when engaging in seemingly normal activities such as food preparation; caring for companion animals; and recreational or occupational activities. The immunocompromised are not only more susceptible to infection, but often suffer more serious sequelae as a result of infection. This review article provides an overview of the major foodborne, respiratory, and vector-borne bacterial pathogens that affect the immunocompromised. The major categories of immunodeficiency are described. In addition, measures that can be taken to prevent infection, including the role of health education, are discussed.

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“…Food irradiation of already processed and packaged food through promising new technology can eliminate disease-causing microbes from foods. The effects of ionizing radiation on food and on animals and people eating the irradiated food have been extensively studied and deemed safe [107][108][109], and indeed this technology has been implemented already for certain foodstuffs. Yet, bringing this technology into use for most foods has been challenging, primarily due to misconceptions and fear about its safety on the part of the public and policymakers.…”

Section: Filling In the Biosecurity Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global biosecurity in a complex, dynamic world

Wilson

2008

Complexity

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Biosecurity is emerging as a major global health priority for which innovative and unprecedented solutions are needed. Biosecurity is a challenging biocomplexity problem involving multifaceted processes such as interactions between humans and nonhuman biota, anthropogenic environmental and ecological factors, and socioeconomic and political pressures. Key to an effective biosecurity strategy will be fundamental understanding of evolutionary, anthropogenic and environmental driving forces at play in transmission and perpetuation of infectious diseases. Biosecurity solutions will depend on increased support of basic biomedical research and public education, enhanced healthcare preparedness, alternative strategies for ensuring safety, and improved interagency cooperation regarding global health policy.

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The Role of Irradiation in Food Safety

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance

Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

Global biosecurity in a complex, dynamic world

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