The role of iron oxide nanoparticles in the radiosensitization of human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 at megavoltage radiation energies

Abstract

It was demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles with the appropriate surface modifications can enter the DU145 cells and it can be used as a cell sensitizer to megavoltage ionizing radiations in radiation therapy.

Magnetic nanoparticle clusters radiosensitise human nasopharyngeal and lung cancer cells after alternating magnetic field treatment

“…It has been reported that magnetic particles can radiosensitise cells at both kilovoltage and megavoltage levels because the nanopartcicles have lower X-ray absorption. Khoei investigated the radiosensitisation effect of aminogroup dextran coating iron oxide nanoparticles at megavoltage, demonstrating that its dose enhancer factor (DEF) is about 1.2 with the dose range of 1-6 Gy [43]. Klein et al [54] found that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could be a radiosensitiser via enhanced reactive oxygen species formation.…”

Potential of MRI in Radiotherapy Mediated by Small Conjugates and Nanosystems

“…Another study by Khoei et al with human prostate carcinoma DU145 cell line demonstrated that coating of particles with dextran with additional amino-groups increases the cellular uptake significantly compared to plain particles (only dextran-coating). As the result, the best MRI enhancement by NH 2 -dextrane-SPIONs was observed for the concentration of 1 mg/mL and the radiosensitization effect was found to be dose-independent under MV energies [37]. The necessity of an appropriate coating of the metal core, which applies for any NPs envisioned for in vivo applications, becomes particularly interesting in case of SPIONs.…”

Prostate cancer radiotherapy: potential applications of metal nanoparticles for imaging and therapy

“…Despite this, several authors have reported significant in vitro CaP radiosensitization using both kV and MV X-ray sources. 53,54 Crosslinked dextran-coated IONs were avidly endocytosed by both HeLa and EMT-6 cells, producing a maximum reduction in cell viability of 18% following 48 h of coculture with the nanoparticles. The significance of this relatively low-toxicity profile is further heightened when considering the radiosensitization potential, generating mean radiation dose enhancement factors (DEFs) of 1.43 and 1.36 in HeLa and EMT-6 cells, respectively.…”

“…The significance of this relatively low-toxicity profile is further heightened when considering the radiosensitization potential, generating mean radiation dose enhancement factors (DEFs) of 1.43 and 1.36 in HeLa and EMT-6 cells, respectively. Subsequently, Khoei et al 54 reported DEFs of 1.22 following megavoltage irradiation in DU145 CaP cells in vitro, using a chemically analogous nanoparticle. This provided proof-of-concept data that nanoparticles with an iron oxide core could potentially prove beneficial using clinically applicable radiation sources, while limiting the offtarget effects associated with hyperthermia.…”