The role of intellectual factors in problem solving.

Merrifield, Philip R.; Guilford, J. P.; Christensen, P. R.; Frick, J. W.

doi:10.1037/h0093850

Cited by 127 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Table 1 provides a summary description of these measures. The first two measures participants were asked to complete included a verbal reasoning measure of intelligence (Ruch & Ruch, 1980) and a consequences measure of divergent thinking (Merrifield, Guilford, Christensen, & Frick, 1962). In addition to these two cognitive controls, participants were asked to complete Paulhus's (1984) measure of socially desirable responding and John, Donahue, and Kentle's (1991) Big Five measure of agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience.…”

Section: Individual Differences Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARTICLES: Validation of Ethical Decision Making Measures: Evidence for a New Set of Measures

Mumford¹,

Devenport²,

Brown³

et al. 2006

Ethics & Behavior

119

129

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Ethical decision making measures are widely applied as the principal dependent variable used in studies of research integrity. However, evidence bearing on the internal and external validity of these measures is not available. In this study, ethical decision making measures were administered to 102 graduate students in the biological, health, and social sciences, along with measures examining exposure to ethical breaches and the severity of punishments recommended. The ethical decision making measure was found to be related to exposure to ethical events and the severity of punishments awarded. The implications of these findings for the application of ethical decision making measures are discussed.

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Section: Individual Differences Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARTICLES: Validation of Ethical Decision Making Measures: Evidence for a New Set of Measures

Mumford¹,

Devenport²,

Brown³

et al. 2006

Ethics & Behavior

119

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evidence for the construct validity of this measure of divergent thinking may be found in Merrifield, Guilford, Christensen, and Frick (1962) and Vincent, Decker, and Mumford (2002).…”

Section: Individual Differences Measuresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Leader errors and the influence on performance: An investigation of differing levels of impact

Eubanks

Mumford

2010

The Leadership Quarterly

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Errors will inevitably occur when one is involved in decision making tasks with complex, illdefined problems. Qualitative research on this topic has illuminated the complex nature of problems faced by many leaders and organizations as they make decisions. Although this research has answered many questions about the nature of errors, empirical research on errors among leaders remains scarce. To further explore this topic, 170 undergraduates were assigned to one of five work conditions and asked to read three cases with initiating structure problems and three cases with consideration problems while taking on the role of the CEO in the scenario.Errors committed by leaders were examined to answer questions about how work conditions influence errors committed. Additionally, how these errors influence performance outcomes was also examined. Results indicated that work conditions paired with errors made by leaders influenced levels of performance. Under certain conditions, most notably process overload, errors led to negative performance. We also discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the influence of work conditions on errors committed and their combined influence on performance outcomes.

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“…When scored for fluency, or the number of responses generated, this measure yields internal consistency coefficients in the high .70s. Evidence for the construct validity of the consequences test as a measure of divergent thinking may be obtained by consulting Merrifield, Guilford, Christensen, and Frick (1962) and Vincent, Decker, and Mumford (2002).…”

Section: Reference Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intuition as an Influence on Creative Problem-Solving: The Effects of Intuition, Positive Affect, and Training

Eubanks

Murphy

Mumford

2010

Creativity Research Journal

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Intuition may be a critical component of creative thought. To test this hypothesis, a measure of individual differences in intuition was developed. After completing this measure, 320undergraduates were asked to work on a domain relevant creative problem-solving task under conditions where positive and neutral affect were induced and they were exposed to one of three different types of training. It was found that intuitive people produced more creative problem solutions, but that positive affect and training offset the advantage intuitive people showed in creative problem-solving. The implications of these findings for understanding the nature of intuition, and its role in creative problem-solving, are discussed. Intuition 3Intuition as an Influence on Creative Problem-Solving:The Effects of Intuition, Positive Affect, and TrainingCreative thought is a complex, elusive, construct (Mumford & Gustafson, 1988). Over the years, as we have made progress in our understanding of creative thought (e.g. Brophy, 1988;Scott, Lonergan, & Mumford, 2005;Ward, Patterson, & Sifonis, 2004), scholars have begun to ask new questions about the attributes of people that might contribute to creative problemsolving. The attributes considered in these studies have included errors (Mumford, Blair, Dailey, Leritz, & Osburn, 2006), mental models (Johnson-Laird, 1983), insight (Sternberg & Davidson, 1995), and intuition (Policastro, 1995). Although all of these attributes might influence creative problem-solving, and eventual creative achievement, intuition appears to be especially important (Bowers, 1987;Perkins, 1992).One illustration of the potential impact of intuition on creative problem-solving and creative achievement may be found in Gardner and Nemirovsky, (1991). They conducted an indepth case study of two emergent creators -Georg Cantor, a mathematician and Sigmund Freud, a psychologist. They found that in the identification of unconscious local coherences in complex fields, their definition of intuition was a key influence of the contributions made by both these scholars. Other investigators, including Agor (1989), Bastick (1982), and Simonton (1980, have all also argued that intuition may be integral to creative problem-solving in the arts, life sciences, and management.Although there is reason to suspect that intuition might play a critical role in creative thought, and ultimately creative achievement, direct evidence demonstrating the impact of intuition on creative problem-solving is not available (Shirley & Langan-Fox, 1996). Moreover, the cognitive operations that make intuition possible remain unclear (Langan-Fox & Shirley, Intuition 4 2003;Policastro, 1995). With these points in mind, our intent in the present study was two-fold.First, we hoped to show that intuition was related to creative problem-solving. Second, we hoped to examine the mechanisms giving rise to intuition -specifically examining the role of positive affect and training. IntuitionIntuition has been defined in different ways by various investi...

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The role of intellectual factors in problem solving.

Cited by 127 publications

References 9 publications

ARTICLES: Validation of Ethical Decision Making Measures: Evidence for a New Set of Measures

ARTICLES: Validation of Ethical Decision Making Measures: Evidence for a New Set of Measures

Leader errors and the influence on performance: An investigation of differing levels of impact

Intuition as an Influence on Creative Problem-Solving: The Effects of Intuition, Positive Affect, and Training

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