The Role of Integrated Gas Compounds in Regulation of Gas Homeostasis in the Norm

Abstract

In practically healthy people on the background of self-breathing, we used catheterization to obtain blood samples from Ao, PT, SC, VJI, SS, VH and VR. We believe that the standard tests of blood gases by volume (pO 2 and pCO 2 ) and their A-V gradients, quantitatively determined, are insufficient to fully assess the hypoxic states both in the whole organism and in individual organs. To estimate gas homeokinesis, we performed integral gas tests, including an additive criterion of blood gases-pressure in mmHg: 1) the summary pressure of the plasma gases, PS; 2) Gas functional, the gradient between the total indices of arterial and vein gases (Gradient D); and 3) the exchange gradient, Gradient DP [(arterial pO 2 -venous (pO 2 +pCO 2 )]. Each test indicator at all studied points was determined in mmHg. Correlation analyses were carried out between the parameters of all tests.We found that the processes forming PS limit the amplitude of the PS deviation under changing parameters of the constituent components (pO 2 and pCO 2 ) due to acts of mutual replacement between them, as well as the influence of integral gas complexes under shifts in pO 2 , pCO 2 , A-V SO 2 . Unlike the generally accepted tests that record quantitative differences between the points studied, the integral gas tests allow us to identify vectors and mechanisms of adaptive changes in gas homeostasis, to perform a qualitative comparison of the functioning of the studied organs by gas-dynamic tests in the norm and in pathology. Key Words: integrated gas compounds • blood gases • gas homeokinesis • gas functional Abbreviations Ao, aorta; A-V, arteriovenous; BP, blood pressure; DP, diastolic pressure; Er, erythrocyte; MP, mean pressure; PT, pulmonary trunk; Pl, plasma; PP, pulse pressure; PS, summary gas pressure; P-n, total protein; PSv -PS of venous blood; RV, right ventricle; SS, sigmoid sinus; SP, systolic pressure; SC, соronary sinus; SO 2 , oxygen saturation; VJI, internal jugular vein; VH, right hepatic vein; VR, right renal vein.The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of the PS values in the investigated points of the human body and their participation in the regulation of gas homeostasis in the norm. Methods and ResultsWith the patient in the supine position, we used catheterization to obtain blood samples from the outflow vessels of the three-chamber block of ventricles (Ao, PT, SC), VJI, VH, and VR.(1) To investigate general and organ gas exchange, in normal practice, we used data for temporal dynamics arterial and venous blood and their A-V gradients. In our opinion, the separately taken values of pO 2 and pCO 2 are changed quantitatively (in absolute values) and are inadequate for evaluating polyorganic hypoxic states, since the use of the general average values does not reveal qualitative changes that characterize and explain the so-called mutual replacements of PO 2 and pCO 2 at varying ratios of the levels of pO 2 and pCO 2 (the biophysical equivalent of the Haldane effect) in the investigated areas of the human b...

Synchronization of Wave Flows of Arterial and Venous Blood with Phases of the Cardiac Cycle in Norm: Part 1

“…( [1][2][3][4] The studied indicators were obtained by catheterization in healthy people in the supine position, at rest, and free to breathe atmospheric air (4)(5)(6) (Table 1). Based on the mean values of hemodynamic parameters obtained by catheterization-in the heart (RV, LV, RA, LA, CS), Ao, PT, SS, IJV, IVC, and SVC-we constructed graphs of the sequential dynamic pressure change in the each studied point, which were synchronized with each other and with ECG.…”

“…the initial and final phase of hydrodynamics of the vascular bed, is considered by us as a focal zone of interference of central and peripheral hemodynamic and wave processes, which has, possibly, the greatest information thesaurus of the body's biosphere (5,6) and has the possibility of pressor impact on the sinoatrial node (whose bed is the RA wall), protected from direct wave and hemodynamic effects of RA only by a layer of endocardium, devoid of elastic and other properties that protect against the pressor impact. A similar direct pressor impact is also possible on the atrioventricular node and conducting pathways.…”

Regulatory Synchronization of Hemodynamics of the Heart and Brain in Norm

“…In previous articles, (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) we have given the hemodynamic indices obtained by catheterization in various vascular areas, as well as the relationship between parameters of the cerebral, central and peripheral blood flow analyzed by methods of mathematical statistics. The results we present (Table 1) were obtained by synchronization of ECG, PPW, CMIP and SS data.…”

“…The combination of metabolites, gas functional (4) and hormones from the exchange zones is an informational result of the current state of homeostasis, changing in accordance with the needs of the mechanisms of homeostatic adaptation (i.e., status and needs of homeostasis). In this paper, we do not consider in detail the mechanisms of intracardiac transformation of BBs.…”