The role of immune system exhaustion on cancer cell escape and anti-tumor immune induction after irradiation

Mendes, Fernando; Domingues, Cátia; Rodrigues-Santos, Paulo; Abrantes, Ana Margarida; Gonçalves, Ana Cristina; Estrela, Jéssica; Encarnação, João Crispim; Pires, Ana Salomé; Laranjo, Mafalda; Alves, Vera; Teixo, Ricardo; Sarmento, Ana Bela; Botelho, Maria Filomena; Rosa, Manuel Santos

doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.02.002

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The immune system plays a significant role in identifying incipient neoplasia leading to tumorigenesis, and in eliminating certain types of tumors [4, 5]. Despite that, cancer cells have the ability to evade immune response, and often, immune cells are exploited for tumor growth and progression [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Design Strategies for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

et al. 2017

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Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving and paradigm shifting treatment modality that adds a strong tool to the collective cancer treatment arsenal. It can be effective even for late stage diagnoses and has already received clinical approval. Tumors are known to not only avoid immune surveillance but also exploit the immune system to continue local tumor growth and metastasis. Because of this, most immunotherapies, particularly those directed against solid cancers, have thus far only benefited a small minority of patients. Early clinical substantiation lends weight to the claim that cancer immunotherapies, which are adaptive and enduring treatment methods, generate much more sustained and robust anticancer effects when they are effectively formulated in nanoparticles or scaffolds than when they are administered as free drugs. Engineering cancer immunotherapies using nanomaterials is, therefore, a very promising area worthy of further consideration and investigation. This review focuses on the recent advances in cancer immunoengineering using nanoparticles for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of a diverse range of immunotherapies. The delivery of immunostimulatory agents to antitumor immune cells, such as dendritic or antigen presenting cells, may be a far more efficient tactic to eradicate tumors than delivery of conventional chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells. In addition to its immense therapeutic potential, immunoengineering using nanoparticles also provides a valuable tool for unearthing and understanding the basics of tumor biology. Recent research using nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated the advantage of physicochemical manipulation in improving the delivery of immunostimulatory agents. In vivo studies have tested a range of particle sizes, mostly less than 300 nm, and particles with both positive and negative zeta potentials for various applications. Material composition and surface modifications have been shown to contribute significantly in selective targeting, efficient delivery and active stimulation of immune system targets. Thus, these investigations, including a wide array of nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy, substantiate the employment of nanocarriers for efficacious cancer immunotherapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Design Strategies for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

et al. 2017

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“…In a normally functioning environment, immune surveillance acts as an effective tumor suppressor mechanism, as these alterations trigger the development of tumor-related antigens initially recognized by the immune system. However, it is believed that after this equilibrium phase, immune system might lose the ability to eradicate cancer cells, or new mutations might render tumor cells poorly immunogenic and resistant to elimination by immune cells (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Immune System and Cancer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging role of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): anti-tumor immunity and clinical applications

Economopoulou¹,

Perisanidis²,

Giotakis³

et al. 2016

Ann. Transl. Med.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carries a poor prognosis, with low survival rates for advanced stage tumors and minimal improvement in survival trends through the past decades. It is becoming increasingly clear that HNSCC oncogenesis and evolution is characterized by profound immune defects, as cancer cells evade immunosurveillance due to accumulation of genetic mutations and tumor heterogeneity. Improved understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, which are being investigated for their potential to provide durable responses. In this review, we will summarize the role of the immune system in HNSCC, the rationale behind immunotherapy strategies and their clinical applications.

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“…Resting Treg cells have a history of antigen exposure and baseline suppressive function, and they share circulation patterns and activation markers with naive and memory conventional T cells. (2) Effector Treg cells (CD45RA low CD25 hi or CD62L low CCR7 low CD44 hi KLRG1 + CD103 + Treg cells), also known as activated Treg cells, constitute a small part of Treg cells in circulation and in secondary lymphoid organs (29). This subset has enhanced function and signs of recent antigen encounter and shares phenotypic features with activated conventional T cells.…”

Section: Characterization Of Treg Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Regulatory T Cells: Exosome- and Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Regulation of Homeostasis and Resident Treg Cells

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Immunol.

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Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a group of cells that are heterogeneous in origin and in functional activity. Treg cells comprise a necessary balance to adaptive immune responses. As key regulators of self-tolerance, Treg cells have been involved in a series of pathologic processes and considered as therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize recent research regarding Treg cell origins and their functional classification, highlight the role of exosomes and non-coding RNA in modulating Treg cell homeostasis, and discuss the current understanding of resident Treg cells.

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The role of immune system exhaustion on cancer cell escape and anti-tumor immune induction after irradiation

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

Nanoparticle Design Strategies for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

Nanoparticle Design Strategies for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

The emerging role of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): anti-tumor immunity and clinical applications

New Insights into Regulatory T Cells: Exosome- and Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Regulation of Homeostasis and Resident Treg Cells

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