New Insights into Regulatory T Cells: Exosome- and Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Regulation of Homeostasis and Resident Treg Cells

Li, Peiyao; Liu, Changhong; Yu, Zhibin; Wu, Minghua

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00574

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Accumulating evidence has revealed that exosomes and ncRNAs (miRNA and lncRNA) are critical to Treg cell homeostasis (103). For example, tumour exosomal miRNAs may induce immune tolerance and then exert an adverse immune effect (104).…”

Section: Exosomal Circrnas Promote the Generation Of Premeta-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer (Review)

et al. 2020

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Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles that can be artificially engineered into vectors for the treatment of cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, has crucial regulatory functions in various aspects of cancer, such as tumorigenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemo-and radiotherapeutic resistance, as well as in cancer prognosis. Notably, the exosomal transfer of circRNAs may function to both promote and inhibit cancer. Numerous studies have addressed the importance of circRNAs in cancer and non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in exosomes. However, little research has focussed on a class of RNAs called exosomal circRNAs. The present review discusses current studies regarding exosomal circRNAs, including their biogenesis and biological functions, their abundance in exosomes and possible sorting mechanisms and their potential roles in both promoting and inhibiting cancer. It is predicted that in the next five years there will be increasing research exploring the functional mechanisms of exosomal circRNA in various diseases, in particular their roles in cancer genesis and progression.

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Section: Exosomal Circrnas Promote the Generation Of Premeta-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer (Review)

et al. 2020

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“…Exosomes contain a wide variety of proteins, lipids, RNAs, non-transcribed RNAs, miRNAs, and small RNAs (Yin et al, 2013;Becker et al, 2016). Ongoing efforts have shown that miRNAs are secreted into tumor microenvironments to regulate cancer cell proliferation, migration, immune response, intercellular communication, and stromal modification, thereby promoting tumor growth and progression (Meckes et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2015b;Li et al, 2016). EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins can be secreted in exosomes to regulate the tumor microenvironment.…”

Section: Ebv Regulates the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Via MImentioning

confidence: 99%

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Zuo

Yue

et al. 2017

Virol. Sin.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes life-long persistence in humans.To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these clusters increases the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell response of infected cells. These reports strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion, viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.

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“…Immune homeostasis is established by production of immune suppressive cytokines such as IL10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). 63,64 As sarcoidosis has many elements resembling a deregulated immune response, impaired function of Tregs may be a possible contribution factor to the response seen in sarcoidosis. Indeed, an impaired suppressive function of peripheral Tregs from sarcoidosis patients has been observed in several studies.…”

Section: Regulatory T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis: Novel Insights

Beijer

Veltkamp

Meek

et al. 2017

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Sarcoidosis is a disorder of unknown etiology. It is a systemic disease, frequently involving the lungs, skin, eyes, and lymph nodes. It is characterized by formation of noncaseating granulomas at the site(s) of disease. Sarcoidosis has a complex disease pathogenesis, with involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several innate immune system receptors including NOD-like receptors and Toll-like receptors appear to be involved in the development of sarcoidosis as well as cellular players such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Furthermore, lymphocytes from the adaptive immune system including Th1, Th17, regulatory T cells, and B cells are likely to play a role in the sarcoidosis disease pathogenesis as well. Possibly, genetic susceptibility and exposure to particular etiologic agents including mycobacterial and propionibacterial antigens, metals, and silica can cause sarcoidosis. Besides exogenous triggers, also self-compounds such as serum amyloid A and vimentin, have been found to play a role in the development of sarcoidosis. It is likely that sarcoidosis does not have one single cause but rather is the result of the interplay between different etiologic agents and the immune system in predisposed individuals.

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New Insights into Regulatory T Cells: Exosome- and Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Regulation of Homeostasis and Resident Treg Cells

Cited by 48 publications

References 100 publications

Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer (Review)

Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer (Review)

An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation

Etiology and Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis: Novel Insights

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