The role of host genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and insights into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review

Elhabyan, Abdelazeem; Elyaacoub, Saja; Sanad, Ehab; Abukhadra, Abdelwahab; Elhabyan, Asmaa; Dinu, Valentin

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198163

Cited by 81 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The genetic influence on COVID-19 symptoms may reflect the genotype status of candidate genes such as ACE2R, which encodes the target for viral attachment (Hoffmann et al, 2020), and a number of other genes, including those identified in genome-wide association studies (Elhabyan et al, 2020). Another interesting possibility concerns the genetic factors underlying psychological and behavioral traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Symptoms of COVID-19, Including Symptoms Most Predictive of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Are Heritable

et al. 2020

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Susceptibility to infection such as SARS-CoV-2 may be influenced by host genotype. TwinsUK volunteers (n = 3261) completing the C-19 COVID-19 symptom tracker app allowed classical twin studies of COVID-19 symptoms, including predicted COVID-19, a symptom-based algorithm to predict true infection, derived from app users tested for SARS-CoV-2. We found heritability of 49% (32−64%) for delirium; 34% (20−47%) for diarrhea; 31% (8−52%) for fatigue; 19% (0−38%) for anosmia; 46% (31−60%) for skipped meals and 31% (11−48%) for predicted COVID-19. Heritability estimates were not affected by cohabiting or by social deprivation. The results suggest the importance of host genetics in the risk of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and provide grounds for planning genome-wide association studies to establish specific genes involved in viral infectivity and the host immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Symptoms of COVID-19, Including Symptoms Most Predictive of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Are Heritable

et al. 2020

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“…The heterogeneous clinical manifestations in COVID-19 may be attributed to individual variation in expression not only of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, but also of genes related to inflammation and immune responses ( Elhabyan et al, 2020 ; Ellinghaus et al, 2020 ; Russo et al, 2020 ; Zhao J. et al, 2020 ). Accordingly, the excessive acute inflammatory responses seen in individuals with severe COVID-19 may lead to MODS and death ( Li H. et al, 2020b ; Wang D. et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Multiple Organ Injury In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly 2019-nCoV) is a novel coronavirus that has rapidly disseminated worldwide, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of January 6th, 2021, there were over 86 million global confirmed cases, and the disease has claimed over 1.87 million lives (a ∼2.2% case fatality rate). SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect human cells by binding its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-conversing enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed abundantly in several cell types and tissues. ACE2 has extensive biological activities as a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and plays a pivotal role as counter-regulator of angiotensin II (Ang II) activity by converting the latter to Ang (1-7). Virion binding to ACE2 for host cell entry leads to internalization of both via endocytosis, as well as activation of ADAM17/TACE, resulting in downregulation of ACE2 and loss of its protective actions in the lungs and other organs. Although COVID-19 was initially described as a purely respiratory disease, it is now known that infected individuals can rapidly progress to a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In fact, all human structures that express ACE2 are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or to the downstream effects of reduced ACE2 levels, namely systemic inflammation and injury. In this review, we aim to summarize the major features of SARS-CoV-2 biology and the current understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as its clinical repercussions in the lung, heart, kidney, bowel, liver, and brain. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and current global efforts to identify safe and effective therapies against this life-threatening condition.

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“…HLA haplotypes have been reported to be associated with the disease susceptibility 25 . A recent meta-analysis revealed that 21 genes involved in toll like receptors and C-lectin pathways were associated with severe COVID-19 26 . Finally, we demonstrated that the onset of improvement of lung radiology might start at the end of the SARS-Cov-2 positive period in nearly all the family clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic profiles of SARS-Cov-2 infection from five Chinese family clusters in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Kong

Geng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Although several cases of family clusters with SARS-Cov-2 infection have been reported, there are still limited data preventing conclusions from being drawn regarding the characteristics and laboratory findings in the COVID-19 population within family clusters. In the present study, we retrospectively collected five family clusters with COVID-19 and summarized the dynamic profiles of the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, immune markers, treatment and prognosis of this population. Furthermore, we also compared clinical and laboratory data between the SARS-Cov-2 infection with family cluster (n = 21) and those without family cluster (n = 16). We demonstrated that the duration of SARS-Cov-2 replication might be varied based on the different family clusters due to their different genetic backgrounds. The onset improved lung radiology might start at the end of the SARS-Cov-2 positive period. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that similar basic characteristics and clinical findings seem to exist between the cases with SARS-Cov-2 and without family clusters. The serum level of ferritin might have a different biological function and be a new biomarker for the family cluster. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required.

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The role of host genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and insights into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review

Cited by 81 publications

References 83 publications

Self-Reported Symptoms of COVID-19, Including Symptoms Most Predictive of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Are Heritable

Self-Reported Symptoms of COVID-19, Including Symptoms Most Predictive of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Are Heritable

Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

Dynamic profiles of SARS-Cov-2 infection from five Chinese family clusters in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

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