2021
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593223
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Abstract: Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly 2019-nCoV) is a novel coronavirus that has rapidly disseminated worldwide, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of January 6th, 2021, there were over 86 million global confirmed cases, and the disease has claimed over 1.87 million lives (a ∼2.2% case fatality rate). SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect human cells by binding its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-conversing enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed abundantly in sever… Show more

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Cited by 115 publications
(95 citation statements)
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References 257 publications
(388 reference statements)
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“…CER(16:0), CER(18:0), and CER(20:0), in particular, have been highly correlated with adverse cardiovascular events, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders [ 43 ]. In sepsis patients, ceramides have been identified as possible markers to predict multiorgan dysfunction [ 44 ]—which bears relevance to SARS-CoV-2, where multiorgan effects have been associated with infection [ 45 ]. Significant increases in CER species together with decreases in LPC species, as observed here, are a trend also detected in sepsis patients, and have shown strong predictive power for sepsis-related mortality [ 41 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CER(16:0), CER(18:0), and CER(20:0), in particular, have been highly correlated with adverse cardiovascular events, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders [ 43 ]. In sepsis patients, ceramides have been identified as possible markers to predict multiorgan dysfunction [ 44 ]—which bears relevance to SARS-CoV-2, where multiorgan effects have been associated with infection [ 45 ]. Significant increases in CER species together with decreases in LPC species, as observed here, are a trend also detected in sepsis patients, and have shown strong predictive power for sepsis-related mortality [ 41 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These studies, however, are limited by smaller numbers within individual series, excepting two single-center reports, one with 80 cases [ 10 ] and another with 100 autopsies [ 7 ], and a multi-institutional report with 135 [ 12 ]. Observers initially described the COVID-19 as a respiratory disease; however, clinical and pathological analyses soon discovered rapid progression of more severe COVID-19 to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome [ 25 , 26 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Still, it is important to acknowledge that, especially for critically ill patients, COVID-19 importantly affects multiple organs ( 16 ), in such an extent that these patients are beyond the point where antiviral alternatives might restore organismal function. In this scenario, the pleiotropic and systemic anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of stem cells may greatly benefit severe patients, justifying further investigation ( 17 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%