The Role of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension

Abstract

Obesity and related diseases are an important and growing health concern in the United States and around the world. Soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages are now the primary sources of added sugars in Americans' diets. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of common pathologies, including abdominal obesity linked to an excess of visceral fat, fatty liver, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Trends in all of these alterations are related to the consumption of dietary fructose and the introduction of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a sweetener in soft drinks and other foods. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests a progressive association between HFCS consumption, obesity, and the other injury processes. However, experimental HFCS consumption seems to produce some of the changes associated with metabolic syndrome even without increasing the body weight. Metabolic damage associated with HFCS probably is not limited to obesity-pathway mechanisms.

Fructose-Fed Induced Metabolic Syndrome Model in Cynomolgus Monkeys

“…Beverages sweetened with HFCS may have a link with the epidemic of obesity [45][46][47], HFCS provide more energy intake that lead to weight gain, and also obesity rate rising. According to the laws of thermodynamics, which state that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, the imbalance between intake and expenditure requires that we also have the capacity to temporarily store energy, and fat is preferred to be energy storage, since it is much denser than carbohydrate and also does not require large amounts of water for storage, therefore either food intake being too high, expenditure being too low (through low resting metabolic rate and/or activity expenditures), or a combination of both [10].…”

Will the Treatment Protocols for Schizophrenia be Changing Soon?

“…Omega-3s may achieve efficacy by reducing inflammatory factors. It is known that high levels of dietary saturated fats are inflammatory as is high fructose corn syrup (Cani et al, 2008;Ferder, Ferder, & Inserra, 2010). Indeed, high intake of dietary saturated fats is associated with poorer outcome in schizophrenia (Christensen & Christensen, 1988).…”

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“…Esto ha sido confi rmado tanto en modelos animales como en el consumo humano, donde favorecen su instalación a las pocas semanas de uso 95,96 .…”