The Role of Glycans in Bacterial Adhesion to Mucosal Surfaces: How Can Single-Molecule Techniques Advance Our Understanding?

Formosa-Dague, Cécile; Castelain, M.; Martin-Yken, Hélène; Dunker, Karen; Dague, Étienne; Sletmoen, Marit

doi:10.3390/microorganisms6020039

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Recent studies have showed that MUC2 and goblet cells closely linked to immune function, such as antigen sampling and tolerance (Boltin,2013;Quintana-Hayashi,2018;Formosa-Dague, 2018 ). At first, we measured sIgA expression of lumen content in ileum, the expression of sIgA in the low and middle groups was not significantly different from that in the control group at 16 d after LPS treatment, however, the expression of sIgA in the high groups was significantly increased compared with control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Long-Term Exposure to Different Doses of Lipopolysaccharides on the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier

C¹,

B²,

Wu³

2019

Preprint

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The small intestinal villus is covered with a thick layer of mucus that is secreted by goblet cells and functions primarily to first barrier from damage by toxic substance. Recent studies showed that goblet cells and mucins involved in complex immune function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widespread in the housing of livestock, which can induce bacterial infection symptoms and immunological stress within a short of time. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of long-term exposure to different doses of LPS on intestinal mucus layer and immune barrier. The result showed that mucus layer thickness and goblet cell functions were significantly increased after low doses of LPS. The intestinal mucosal barrier can block the bacteria of the lumen, but LPS can penetrate this barrier into the blood, putting the body in a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and reducing the body’s immune function. However, after long-term exposure to high doses of LPS, a large number of lysosomes in goblet cells caused loss of function, and mucus layer thickness was significantly decreased. A large amount of LPS stuck to the mucus, leading to normal LPS and inflammatory cytokines level of plasma. The intestinal tissue morphology was damaged, and a number of immune cells were necrosis in the intestine. Collectively, long-term exposure to low doses of LPS lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in the body. Long-term exposure to high doses of LPS can be directly linked to the severity of the immunosuppression in the body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Long-Term Exposure to Different Doses of Lipopolysaccharides on the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier

C¹,

B²,

Wu³

2019

Preprint

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“…MOA 3b: Microbes are known to adhere to biological surfaces, including the surface of human cells, through PCI and CCI [154]. Since the main glycan structure in the human body is the HBGA glycoform, microbes have high affinity to each individual's ABO glycophenotype.…”

Section: Glycan Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Type Diets (BTD) and Aging: An Overview

Menapace¹

2019

J Aging Sci

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It has recently been proposed that glycans, being the third alphabet of life, interact intricately with endogenous biomolecules to modulate tolerance, immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, food glycans could impact health and be a source of inflammation and age-related diseases. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms or are found in free form in biological fluids. Recent advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry have shown how glycans bind with naturally present human proteins (lectins), through protein-carbohydrate interactions (or PCI), but also how oligosaccharides can interact with other glycans, present throughout the human body (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Oligosaccharides present in food sources, which go beyond the definition of normal fibers, once ingested are then either absorbed in the bloodstream, where they are recognized by the immune system, or interact with the surface of GI epithelial cells, thus generating appropriate biochemical cascades that induce a tolerance or immune/inflammatory response. Because the ABO epitopes have been encountered on all human cells, not just erythrocytes and based on the different biotypology (A, AB, B, and O) impose morphic changes in the distribution of the glycans on the glycocalyx (lipid rafts and clustered saccharide patches), their CCI with food and microbe glycans will be different, thus, eliciting contrasting responses. This can explain the epidemiological data for blood type diets (BTD). Through continuous consumption of the wrong types of glycans, processes of chronic inflammation could be initiated and progress to accelerated aging. Four basic modes of action have been identified showing how glycans can trigger inflamm-aging. Since glycobiology is a young science, further studies with newer technologies are warranted for advancement in this field.

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“…The glycocalyx has been connected to a variety of fundamental cellular and organismic events such as blastocyst implantation, embryonic development, leukocyte adhesion, or viral and bacterial infections (Matrosovich et al, 2004;Lipowsky, 2012;Weber et al, 2014;Constantinou et al, 2015;Stanley and Cummings, 2015;Formosa-Dague et al, 2018). Given the omnipresence of the glycocalyx in the human body and the importance of the processes it has been connected to, one might assume that its functional role has been investigated and understood in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of the Mammalian Glycocalyx in Functional Membrane Organization and Immune System Regulation

Möckl

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

134

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All cells in the human body are covered by a dense layer of sugars and the proteins and lipids to which they are attached, collectively termed the "glycocalyx." For decades, the organization of the glycocalyx and its interplay with the cellular state have remained enigmatic. This changed in recent years. Latest research has shown that the glycocalyx is an organelle of vital significance, actively involved in and functionally relevant for various cellular processes, that can be directly targeted in therapeutic contexts. This review gives a brief introduction into glycocalyx biology and describes the specific challenges glycocalyx research faces. Then, the traditional view of the role of the glycocalyx is discussed before several recent breakthroughs in glycocalyx research are surveyed. These results exemplify a currently unfolding bigger picture about the role of the glycocalyx as a fundamental cellular agent.

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The Role of Glycans in Bacterial Adhesion to Mucosal Surfaces: How Can Single-Molecule Techniques Advance Our Understanding?

Cited by 33 publications

References 165 publications

Effect Long-Term Exposure to Different Doses of Lipopolysaccharides on the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier

Effect Long-Term Exposure to Different Doses of Lipopolysaccharides on the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier

Blood Type Diets (BTD) and Aging: An Overview

The Emerging Role of the Mammalian Glycocalyx in Functional Membrane Organization and Immune System Regulation

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