The role of environmental factors in search and rescue incidents in Nunavut, Canada

Clark, Dylan G.; Ford, JD; Berrang‐Ford, Lea; Pearce, Tristan; Kowal, Slawomir; Gough, William A.

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2016.06.003

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Exposure to accidents can limit the ability to engage in fishing activities and can diminish human capacity/agency (Clark et al, 2016a, Clark et al, 2016b.…”

Section: Safety Concerns While Traveling On Ice For Fishing/huntingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change and community fisheries in the arctic: A case study from Pangnirtung, Canada

Galappaththi

Ford

Bennett

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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Coastal fishery systems in the Arctic are undergoing rapid change. This paper examines the ways in which Inuit fishers experience and respond to such change, using a case study from Pangnirtung, Canada. The work is based on over two years of fieldwork, during which semistructured interviews (n=62), focus group discussions (n=6, 31 participants) and key informant interviews (n=25) were conducted. The changes that most Inuit fishers experience are: changes in sea-ice conditions, Inuit people themselves, the landscape and the seascape, fish-related changes, and changes in weather conditions, markets and fish selling prices. Inuit fishers respond to change individually as well as collectively. Fishers' responses were examined using the characteristics of a resilience-based conceptual framework focusing on place, human agency, collective action and collaboration, institutions, indigenous and local knowledge systems, and learning. Based on results, this paper identified three community-level adaptive strategies, which are diversification, technology use and fisheries governance that employs a co-management approach. Further, this work recognised four place-specific attributes that can shape community adaptations, which are Inuit worldviews, Inuit-owned institutions, a culture of sharing and collaborating, and indigenous and local knowledge systems. An examination of the ways in which Inuit fishers experience and respond to change is essential to better understand adaptations to climate change. This study delivers new insights to communities, scientists, and policymakers to work together to foster community adaptation.

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“…Exposure to accidents can limit the ability to engage in fishing activities and can diminish human capacity/agency (Clark et al, 2016a, Clark et al, 2016b.…”

Section: Safety Concerns While Traveling On Ice For Fishing/huntingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the use of technology for fisheries activities is a strategy employed mainly in response to safety-related vulnerabilities (Clark et al, 2016a, Clark et al, 2016b. For example, most fishers use GPS to mark good turbot fishing spots and as a direction guide for travelling on ice.…”

Section: Shrinking Arctic Char Market Portfolio In Fish Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and community fisheries in the arctic: A case study from Pangnirtung, Canada

Galappaththi

Ford

Bennett

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Permafrost degradation is increasing infrastructural instability by increasing erosion and surface subsidence, affecting built infrastructure (e.g., airports, roads, houses) (Allard and Lemay 2012;Boucher and Guimond 2012;Lamoureux et al 2015). Changing snow and ice regimes, less predictable weather, and changing wind patterns are also making travel by semi-permanent trails more dangerous and less dependable, compromising the ability of residents to engage in harvesting activities and travel between communities Clark et al 2016;Durkalec et al 2015;Laidler et al 2009).…”

Section: Infrastructure and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and Canada’s north coast: research trends, progress, and future directions

et al. 2018

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This paper identifies and characterizes current knowledge on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability for Canada's northern coastline, outlining key research gaps. Warming temperatures and increased precipitation have been documented across the northern coast, with the rate of sea ice decline ranging from 2.9% to 10.4% per decade. Storm intensity and frequency is increasing, and permafrost is warming across the region. Many of these changes are projected to accelerate in the future, with in excess of 8°C warming in winter possible under a high-emission scenario by 2081-2100. Vulnerability to these changes differs by region and community, a function of geographic location, nature of climate change impacts, and human factors. Capacity to manage climate change is high in some sectors, such as subsistence harvesting, but is being undermined by long-term societal changes. In other sectors, such as infrastructure and transportation, limitations in climate risk management capacity result in continuing high vulnerabilities. There is evidence that adaptation is taking place in response to experienced and projected impacts, although readiness for adaptation is challenged by limited resources, institutional capacity, and a need for support for adaptation across levels of government. Priority areas for future research include (i) expanding the sectoral and geographic focus of understanding on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability; (ii) integrating climatic and socio-economic projections into vulnerability and adaptation assessments; (iii) developing an evidence base on adaptation options; and (iv) monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation support. Cross-cutting themes for advancing climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability research on the north coast more broadly include the need for greater emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches and cross-cultural collaborations, support for decision-orientated research, and focus on effective knowledge mobilization.Résumé : Dans le cadre de cet article, on identifie et caractérise les connaissances actuelles sur les impacts du changement climatique, l'adaptation et la vulnérabilité au changement climatique en ce qui concerne le littoral du nord du Canada, et on décrit les principales lacunes en matière de recherche. La hausse des températures et les précipitations accrues ont été documentées à travers la côte nord, ainsi que la baisse des glaces de mer à un taux allant de 2,9 % à 10,4 % par décennie. L'intensité et la fréquence des tempêtes augmentent, et le pergélisol se réchauffe à travers la région. Il est projeté que beaucoup de ces changements vont accélérer à l'avenir, avec un réchauffement possible au-delà de 8°C en hiver sous un scénario d'émissions élevées d'ici à 2081-2100. La vulnérabilité à ces changements varie selon la région et la communauté, en fonction de l'emplacement géographique, de la nature des impacts du changement climatique et des facteurs humains. La capacité à gérer le changement climatique est grande dan...

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“…Although harvest declines are due to a variety of interconnected social, economic, regulatory, and environmental factors, subsistence harvesters have increasingly expressed concerns regarding challenges to their ability to traverse the landscape to reach subsistence use areas. Travel-related challenges and concerns include safety considerations (Brubaker et al 2011, Schneider et al 2013, Clark et al 2016, Driscoll et al 2016), amount of time necessary to access specific resources (Holen et al 2012), monetary costs of accessing and harvesting resources (Brinkman et al 2014), changes in the quantity and distribution of resources (Berman and Kofinas 2004), and unpredictable conditions in the physical environment (Berkes and Jolly 2001, Porter et al 2014. To date, the descriptions of relationships between changes in accessibility and environmental conditions have been mainly qualitative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing vulnerability of subsistence travel to effects of environmental change in Interior Alaska

Cold¹,

Brinkman²,

Brown³

et al. 2020

E&S

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Amplified climate warming at high northern latitudes is challenging societies that depend on local provisional and cultural ecosystem services, e.g., subsistence resources, for their livelihoods. Previous qualitative research suggests that climate-induced changes in environmental conditions are affecting rural residents' ability to travel across the land and access local resources, but detailed information on the nature and effect of specific conditions is lacking. Our objectives were to identify climate-related environmental conditions affecting subsistence travel and access, and then estimate rural resident travel and access vulnerability to those environmental conditions. We collaborated with nine Interior Alaskan communities within the Yukon River basin and provided residents with cameraequipped GPS units to document environmental conditions directly affecting subsistence access for 12 consecutive months. We also conducted comprehensive interviews with research participants to incorporate the effects of environmental conditions not documented with GPS units. Environmental conditions reported by rural residents were categorized into seven condition types. We assessed vulnerability to each condition by accounting for both likelihood (number of times a condition was documented) and sensitivity (magnitude of the effect from the condition) information derived from GPS observations and interviews. We also tested for differences in mean vulnerability values among environmental conditions and between community types (road-connected vs. remote) using a oneway analysis of variance. Rural community travel and access were most vulnerable to changes in ice conditions, erosion, vegetative community composition, and water levels. Environmental conditions that impeded natural travel corridors, e.g., waterways, more strongly influenced remote communities than those connected by roads. Increased vulnerability to environmental change puts remote communities at increased risk for food-security issues. Our study used a novel community-based approach to integrate local knowledge with scientific analysis to document and estimate the relative effects that specific environmental conditions are having on access to subsistence resources across Interior Alaska.

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The role of environmental factors in search and rescue incidents in Nunavut, Canada

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Climate change and community fisheries in the arctic: A case study from Pangnirtung, Canada

Climate change and community fisheries in the arctic: A case study from Pangnirtung, Canada

Climate change and Canada’s north coast: research trends, progress, and future directions

Assessing vulnerability of subsistence travel to effects of environmental change in Interior Alaska

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