The role of electrode structure and surface texture in the performance of gas evolving electrodes

Kuhn, A. T.; Yusof, Jamil; Hogan, P. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00614972

“…For example, the effect of plastic deformation on electrochemical activity has been investigated for various metals in the context of corrosion [16][17][18][19][20][21] or in the field of electrochemical catalysts [22][23][24][25]. Electrons around a peak escape easier than those in a valley, thus, surface roughness increases local fluctuation of the electron work function, which leads to accelerated corrosion on a rough surface [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughening improves hydrogen embrittlement resistance of Ti-6Al-4V

Kim

¹

,

Hall

²

,

Yan

³

et al. 2021

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“…[24][25][26] In addition, there are only a few reported examples that evaluate the efficiency of gas evolution reactions for microstructures prepared over large areas. 22,27,28 Electrodeposition is a widely used technique that can produce microscale textures over large areas. 20,29,30 For example, Ni-based electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition techniques to produce cauliflower-like microspheres (10-µm in diameter and 20µm in thickness) for the HER.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commercial application of water electrolysis requires scalable techniques that are capable of preparing large (>10 cm 2 ) working electrodes with a high A ecsa (e.g., a roughened texture). − Microscale textures are often more easily prepared over large areas and at faster rates than nanoscale textures . Although the wetting properties of microscale textures are less well-studied, these textures have demonstrated enhanced gas evolution dynamics (e.g., bubble nucleation, coalescence, and release events). − In addition, there are only a few reported examples that evaluate the efficiency of gas evolution reactions for microstructures prepared over large areas. ,, Electrodeposition is a widely used technique that can produce microscale textures over large areas. ,, For example, Ni-based electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition techniques to produce cauliflower-like microspheres (10 μm in diameter and 20 μm in thickness) for the HER. , These electrodeposited textures exhibited good durability and remained active toward the HER in 30 wt % KOH over a period of 3 months . Porous 3D Ni foams have been prepared by hydrogen bubble templating at high cathodic current densities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Electrochemical Aging on Bead-Blasted Nickel Electrodes for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Taylor

¹

,

Pauls

²

,

Paul

³

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of importance to both electrochemical energy conversion and energy storage. Low-cost, non-precious metal electrocatalysts that can withstand high operational current densities will likely be the best candidates for meeting the commercial needs for a range of OER applications. In addition to electrode composition, the surface morphology of gas evolving electrodes can affect their efficiency and performance. In this work, we demonstrate the influence of electrochemical aging on the performance of micro-and nanoscale textures for the OER. A series of textured Ni electrodes were prepared by rapid, scalable techniques, which included the use of bead-blasting. Two distinct approaches to induce the formation of the active Ni (oxy)hydroxide phase were conducted by electrochemical aging using cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The influence of the aging technique was assessed and correlated to the performance of these surface textures. Differences in the morphology of these textures and their resulting surface areas were estimated using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions obtained from electron microscopy analyses. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling was also performed on the bead-blasted electrodes to visualize buried cracks and voids. The potential required for the OER at an applied current density of 500 mA/cm 2 exhibited a reduction of 0.7 V for the electrodes aged by the steady-state treatment. The OER performance of the textured electrodes were found to correlate to both the electrode surface morphology and the type of electrochemical aging applied to the electrodes.

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Electrochemical Reactors

Vogt¹,

Kreysa²

2008

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Reactors with Gas‐Evolving Electrodes 1.1. Effects of Gas Evolution on Cell Operation 1.2. Bubble Nucleation, Growth, and Detachment 1.3. Bubble Coverage 1.4. Product Release 1.5. Ohmic Resistance of the Interelectrode Gap 1.6. Mass Transfer at Gas‐Evolving Electrodes 1.7. Heat Transfer 1.8. Overpotential of Gas‐Evolving Electrodes 1.9. Limiting Current Density at Gas‐Evolving Electrodes 1.10. Electrodes 1.11. Gas‐Lift Systems 2. Reactors with Superficial Electrodes 3. Reactors with Three‐Dimensional Electrodes 4. Special Reactor Designs The operating modes of electrochemical reactors vary as widely as the designs of the reactors. This is determined not only by the chemical behavior of the different electrolytes, especially their corrosivity, but also by the very different products. These can be formed as solids, as in electrodeposition, in liquid form, as in the case of many substances that react further in the liquid phase, or as a gaseous phase, for example, in the electrolysis of water. Operating temperatures cover a wide range, from room temperature to 1000 °C. In most cases the electrolytes are liquid solutions or melts, but more recently also solids (e.g., solid polymer electrolytes) and in special cases gases, as in high‐temperature water electrolysis, or plasmas in glow‐discharge electrolysis. Accordingly, the materials and shapes of the electrodes also very diverse. The simplest electrodes are those with flat surfaces. Two such electrodes face each other a few millimeters apart in order to minimize the ohmic potential drop across the gap, or they are divided by a liquid‐permeable diaphragm or gas‐permeable membrane, which also separates the electrolyte chambers from one another. In many cases specially shaped electrodes are used that better meet the requirements of a process. Their influence on the design and operation of the reactors are the subject of this article. In particular, these are reactors with gas‐evolving electrodes and special reactor designs to meet specific requirements.

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The role of electrode structure and surface texture in the performance of gas evolving electrodes

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Roughening improves hydrogen embrittlement resistance of Ti-6Al-4V

Roughening improves hydrogen embrittlement resistance of Ti-6Al-4V

Influence of Electrochemical Aging on Bead-Blasted Nickel Electrodes for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Electrochemical Reactors

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