The Role of Education in the Relationship Between Age of Migration to the United States and Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Older Mexican Americans

Downer, Brian; García, Marc A.; Sáenz, Joseph; Markides, Kyriakos S.; Wong, Rebeca

doi:10.1177/0164027517701447

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The present analysis provides evidence that the relationship between age of migration and risk for cognitive impairment may differ by gender. These findings are supported by previous research that has found a strong association between age of migration, gender and cognitive functioning ( Hill, Angel, & Balistreri, 2012 ; Hill, Angel, Balistreri, et al, 2012 ), prevalent cognitive impairment ( Downer et al, 2017 ), and life expectancies with cognitive impairment ( Garcia, Saenz, et al, 2017 ). Our study advances this literature by documenting differences by age of migration and gender for the incidence of cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Research has only recently begun to examine how cognitive functioning for older Hispanics may differ by nativity status ( Downer, Garcia, Saenz, Markides, & Wong, 2017 ; Garcia, Downer, et al, 2017 ; Garcia, Saenz, et al, 2017 ; Garcia et al, 2018 ; Hill, Angel, & Balistreri, 2012 ; Hill, Angel, Balistreri, & Herrera, 2012 ; Weden et al, 2017 ). An analysis of the Health and Retirement Study revealed that foreign-born Mexican-Americans had a 36% lower risk for incident cognitive impairment than non-Hispanic whites independent of age, gender, and socioeconomic characteristics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on cognitive function among older Mexican-Americans has found a robust relationship between age of migration, prevalence of cognitive impairment, cognitive life expectancies, and cognitive decline ( Downer et al, 2017 ; Garcia, Saenz, et al, 2017 ; Hill, Angel, & Balistreri, 2012 ; Hill, Angel, Balistreri, et al, 2012 ). However, less scholarship has focused on how age of migration is related to the risk of incident cognitive impairment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Age of Migration and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study of Elder Mexican-Americans

García¹,

Reyes

Downer

et al. 2017

Innovation in Aging

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Background and ObjectivesTo explore nativity and age of migration differentials in the incidence of cognitive impairment among older Mexican-Americans.Research Design and MethodsWe employ maximum-likelihood discrete time hazard models to estimate risk ratios of cognitive impairment in a sample of 2,708 Mexican-Americans 65 and older who were cognitively healthy at baseline over a follow-up period of up to 20 years.ResultsLate-life immigrant women have a 46% higher risk of cognitive impairment compared to U.S.-born Mexican-American women. Conversely, midlife immigrant men have a 29% lower risk of cognitive impairment compared to U.S.-born Mexican-American men. The incidence of cognitive impairment did not differ for early-life and midlife immigrant women relative to U.S.-born women or for early- and late-life immigrant men compared to U.S.-born men.Discussion and ImplicationsDifferences in cognitive impairment risk between U.S.-born and foreign-born Mexican-American subgroups may be partly due to health selectivity. Cognitive impairment is more prevalent among immigrant groups which may result in a higher burden on family members and/or high dependency on public resources. Programs are needed that can detect decline at earlier stages and reduce the risk for cognitive impairment among older immigrants entering their last decades of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Age of Migration and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study of Elder Mexican-Americans

García¹,

Reyes

Downer

et al. 2017

Innovation in Aging

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“…The investigators found that older age at migration was associated with higher risk for cognitive impairment, and that education significantly mediated the association between age of migration and cogni-tive impairment. 34 It is possible that, in our present study, the older Latinos without a high school education had higher odds of memory problems for other reasons-such as age of migration, acculturation, nativity, or languages-that were not included in these analyses. Future research should examine the effect of these and related characteristics on subjective cognitive concerns, like self-reported memory problems, and prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Trends in Memory Problems and Race/Ethnicity in the National Health and Examination Survey, 1999-2014

et al. 2019

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Background: Little data exist to describe serial population-level trends in cognitive impairment– especially among minority communities. Because memory problems are among the first warning signs of cognitive impairment, they provide a potential method for monitoring changes in cognitive health at the population level. This exploratory study aimed to: 1) estimate prevalence of memory problems among US residents by race/ethnicity, age category; and 2) examine whether racial/ethnic differences in subjective cognitive concerns (memory problems) varied across recent time periods.Design and Setting: Serial cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2014.Participants: 20,585 participants aged ≥45 years during 1999-2014, who reported race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Latino/Hispanic.Measurements: The outcome of interest was subjective cognitive concerns, identified as self-reported memory problems. The frequencies of memory problems were examined for each 4-year period, across racial/ethnic groups.Results: In adjusted analyses, compared with older (aged ³65 years) NHWs, disparities in subjective cognitive concerns were observed for older Latinos for most periods (range of AOR: 1.43 – 2.01, P<.05). Additionally, Latinos without a high school education had significantly higher odds of reporting memory problems than NHW in multiple periods (range of AOR: 1.95 – 2.17, P<.005), while Latino high school graduates did not. There were no significant changes in racial/ethnic differences in subjective cognitive concerns over time.Conclusions: The prevalence of subjective cognitive concerns across time periods points to a need to engage patients – particularly older and less-educated Latinos – about warning signs for cognitive impairment. The impact of education on subjective cognitive concerns in older Latinos may be related to acculturation and warrant further investigation. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):525-534; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.3.525

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“…Similarly, this type of data has been reported in more general rural contexts [27]. The above is argued based on the demographic characteristics of the population, where age represents a fundamental determinant in this type of performance in ethnic groups, whose gradual increase tends to decrease the ability to solve problems and process new information [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Factors Associated with Cognitive and Functional Performance in Indigenous Older Adults of Nariño, Colombia

Arturo

Pinzón

Diaz-Velasquez

et al. 2019

Journal of Aging Research

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Introduction Ethnicity in Latin America is a factor of poverty and social exclusion. Like in developed countries, demographic, medical, psychosocial, global cognitive, and functional variables interact in a complex relationship on the elderly population. Such interaction should be considered to determine cognitive and functional performance using screening tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors affecting global cognitive performance as well as functional activities. Methods The study was conducted in a Colombian elderly indigenous population which included a sample of 518 adults. This research employed a structural model of latent factors to assess the effects of demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors on cognitive and functional performance. The model was estimated by least squares and used a maximum-likelihood procedure, and it was determined RMSEA, TLI, and CFI to assess the model's goodness of fit. The categorical variables used in the model were as follows: (1) demographics, (2) psychosocial factors, (3) medical condition, (4) global cognition, and (5) functional factors. Results Demographics, in addition to medical and psychosocial factors, were related to global cognition and functional factors (RMSEA = 0.051, CI 90% 0.045–0.057, CFI = 0.901, and TLI = 0.881). Conclusion These results provide strong evidence about the complex relationships among demographics, medical conditions, and psychosocial factors and their influence on global cognition and functional performance in Colombian indigenous elderly population.

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The Role of Education in the Relationship Between Age of Migration to the United States and Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Older Mexican Americans

Cited by 29 publications

References 72 publications

Age of Migration and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study of Elder Mexican-Americans

Age of Migration and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study of Elder Mexican-Americans

Trends in Memory Problems and Race/Ethnicity in the National Health and Examination Survey, 1999-2014

Factors Associated with Cognitive and Functional Performance in Indigenous Older Adults of Nariño, Colombia

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