The role of duplications in evolution

Mayo, O.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1970.62

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…If the fixation of new duplicates increases the overall fitness of the population, as during starvation conditions, then the rate of accretion of new genes may be expected to increase significantly (Spofford 1969;Mayo 1970;Li 1982). Theoretical estimates suggest that even for a small selective advantage, the rate of fixation of new duplicates per generation can be increased by a factor of four (Mayo 1970). Such an advantage will develop when one of the duplicate gene copies undergoes favorable mutations or internal recombinations, and it will then spread rapidly throughout the population.…”

Section: Size Increase Of Early Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How long did it take for life to begin and evolve to cyanobacteria?

1994

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There is convincing paleontological evidence showing that stromatolite-building phototactic prokaryotes were already in existence 3.5 x 10(9) years ago. Late accretion impacts may have killed off life on our planet as late as 3.8 x 10(9) years ago. This leaves only 300 million years to go from the prebiotic soup to the RNA world and to cyanobacteria. However, 300 million years should be more than sufficient time. All known prebiotic reactions take place in geologically rapid time scales, and very slow prebiotic reactions are not feasible because the intermediate compounds would have been destroyed due to the passage of the entire ocean through deep-sea vents every 10(7) years or in even less time. Therefore, it is likely that self-replicating systems capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution emerged in a period shorter than the destruction rates of its components (<5 million years). The time for evolution from the first DNA/protein organisms to cyanobacteria is usually thought to be very long. However, the similarities of many enzymatic reactions, together with the analysis of the available sequence data, suggest that a significant number of the components involved in basic biological processes are the result of ancient gene duplication events. Assuming that the rate of gene duplication of ancient prokaryotes was comparable to today's present values, the development of a filamentous cyanobacterial-like genome would require approximately 7 x 10(6) years--or perhaps much less. Thus, in spite of the many uncertainties involved in the estimates of time for life to arise and evolve to cyanobacteria, we see no compelling reason to assume that this process, from the beginning of the primitive soup to cyanobacteria, took more than 10 million years.

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Section: Size Increase Of Early Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How long did it take for life to begin and evolve to cyanobacteria?

1994

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“…Fixation of the new supergene due to the superiority of the cis-heterozygote in a malarial environment would be rapid. This process, envisaged by Spofford (1969) and discussed in an evolutionary context by Mayo (1970), would quickly reduce any segregational load to negligible significance.…”

Section: Discussior'imentioning

confidence: 99%

The number of genes on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and a comment on the genetic structure of eukaryotes

1981

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SUMMARYRecessive lethals on the second chromosome were extracted from genetically isolated populations in Australia and the U.K. The frequency of allelism, used in a manner analogous to capture-recapture ot animal populations, indicated that the number of genes capable of mutating to lethal had a 95 per cent probability of being in the range 247 to 1140, although excluding possible heterotic and synthetic lethals altered this to 309 to 3568. Possible sources of bias are discussed. The disagreement between these values and those obtained the direct measurements of DNA (more than 10 times greater) is clear. It is suggested that many of the genes of eukaryotes have been duplicated by unequal exchange during recombination and occur in functionally related groups or in supergenes. Some consequences of this hypothesis to population genetics are noted.

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Systematik und Evolution der Samenpflanzen

Ehrendorfer

Fischer

1971

Fortschritte Der Botanik

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The role of duplications in evolution

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

How long did it take for life to begin and evolve to cyanobacteria?

How long did it take for life to begin and evolve to cyanobacteria?

The number of genes on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and a comment on the genetic structure of eukaryotes

Systematik und Evolution der Samenpflanzen

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