The Role of Diet on Insulin Sensitivity

Mirabelli, Maria; Russo, Diego; Brunetti, Antonio

doi:10.3390/nu12103042

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The Mediterranean diet was found to be significantly associated with lower insulin concentrations, lower HOMA-IR index values, and increased tissue insulin sensitivity [51], lower fasting glucose and insulin levels in obese patients [52], as well as lower BMI and waist circumference [51]. However, when formulating conclusions from interventional studies in patients following the Mediterranean diet, it should be remembered that apart from olive oil, other components of the Mediterranean diet, such as fiber or a large load of antioxidants present in vegetables and fruits or fiber, may also contribute to the improvement of metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and Physical Activity Habits in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-HAstudy

Mizgier¹,

Jarząbek-Bielecka

Formanowicz

et al. 2021

JCM

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The role of inappropriate lifestyle in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its metabolic and reproductive complications has attracted much attention in recent years; however, most studies involve adult patients. Thus, the study aimed to compare dietary patterns, physical activity, metabolic, anthropometric and inflammatory markers of 14–18-year-old girls with and without PCOS (n = 61 and n = 35, respectively) as well as to assess correlations between concentrations of metabolic and inflammatory markers and macronutrient intake and to identify the independent predictors of PCOS, related to diet and physical activity (PA). Compared to the control group, PCOS girls consumed significantly more total fat (p = 0.0005), including both saturated (SFA) (p = 0.03), monounsaturated (MUFA) (p = 0.0003) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.01). A significantly higher percentage of PCOS patients consumed high and medium glycemic index (GI) foods (p = 0.03) and represented a low level of PA, both during school and in leisure time (41.67 vs. 6.06%; p = 0.0001 and 32.79 vs. 5.71%; p = 0.003, respectively). The PCOS group had also significantly higher waist circumference (WC), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.01), fasting insulin (p = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.006) levels. There was an inverse correlation between fiber intake and fasting insulin, (p = 0.0002, r = −0.37), HOMA-IR (p = 0.0004, r = −0.35), WC (p = 0.029; r = −0.222) and a positive relationship between high and medium GI diet and insulin concentration (p = 0.003; r = 0.3). An increase of 10 g/day in total fat intake per day increases the probability of PCOS by 1.4 times. If the SFA or MUFA intakes increase by 10 g, the probability of PCOS increase 1.7-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively. The consumption of foods with a medium GI raises the probability of PCOS by more than 3 times, after adjusting for age. The odds ratio decreased for the moderate and high PA at school/work and in leisure time. Further research in girls with PCOS is needed to test whether low GI and dietary fatty acid reduction combined with increased PA is effective in the nonpharmacological treatment and prevention of PCOS complications. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04738409.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and Physical Activity Habits in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-HAstudy

Mizgier¹,

Jarząbek-Bielecka

Formanowicz

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Nevertheless, the detailed description of the role of nutrition, dietary polyphenols and their relation to the etiology of type 2 diabetes is beyond the scope of this review. A reader can refer to our previous review and to other relevant reviews published on the topic [ 16 , 396 , 400 , 401 , 402 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Transfer Of Redox Signaling and Possible Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pancreatic β-Cell: The Perfect Redox System

et al. 2021

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Pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, which responds to various secretagogues and hormonal regulations, is reviewed here, emphasizing the fundamental redox signaling by NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated H2O2 production for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). There is a logical summation that integrates both metabolic plus redox homeostasis because the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) can only be closed when both ATP and H2O2 are elevated. Otherwise ATP would block KATP, while H2O2 would activate any of the redox-sensitive nonspecific calcium channels (NSCCs), such as TRPM2. Notably, a 100%-closed KATP ensemble is insufficient to reach the −50 mV threshold plasma membrane depolarization required for the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Open synergic NSCCs or Cl− channels have to act simultaneously to reach this threshold. The resulting intermittent cytosolic Ca2+-increases lead to the pulsatile exocytosis of insulin granule vesicles (IGVs). The incretin (e.g., GLP-1) amplification of GSIS stems from receptor signaling leading to activating the phosphorylation of TRPM channels and effects on other channels to intensify integral Ca2+-influx (fortified by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+). ATP plus H2O2 are also required for branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs); and partly for fatty acids (FAs) to secrete insulin, while BCKA or FA β-oxidation provide redox signaling from mitochondria, which proceeds by H2O2 diffusion or hypothetical SH relay via peroxiredoxin “redox kiss” to target proteins.

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“…In addition to that, socioeconomic and demographic factors as well as older age were shown to be associated with a higher prevalence of T2DM among certain subgroups in Eastern Mediterranean countries [ 7 ]. Moreover, due to gender segregation, restrictions on outdoor activities, and compulsory wearing of full-length garments, women in the Arab world are disproportionally more sedentary than men, putting them at a particularly higher risk for obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, and ultimately diabetes [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence

2021

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The alarmingly rising trend of type 2 diabetes constitutes a major global public health challenge particularly in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region where the prevalence is among the highest in the world with a projection to increase by 96% by 2045. The economic boom in the MENA region over the past decades has brought exceptionally rapid shifts in eating habits characterized by divergence from the traditional Mediterranean diet towards a more westernized unhealthy dietary pattern, thought to be leading to the dramatic rises in obesity and non-communicable diseases. Research efforts have brought a greater understanding of the different pathways through which diet and obesity may affect diabetes clinical outcomes, emphasizing the crucial role of dietary interventions and weight loss in the prevention and management of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanistic pathways linking obesity with diabetes and to summarize the most recent evidence on the association of the intake of different macronutrients and food groups with the risk of type 2 diabetes. We also summarize the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of different macronutrient manipulations in the prevention and management of diabetes while highlighting the possible underlying mechanisms of action and latest evidence-based recommendations. We finally discuss the need to adequately integrate dietetic services in diabetes care specific to the MENA region and conclude with recommendations to improve dietetic care for diabetes in the region.

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The Role of Diet on Insulin Sensitivity

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Dietary and Physical Activity Habits in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-HAstudy

Dietary and Physical Activity Habits in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-HAstudy

The Pancreatic β-Cell: The Perfect Redox System

Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence

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