The role of diet in the overlap between gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder: Results from an Iranian Cohort Study

“…In other words, our results showed that GERD in the Iranian population was not only prevalent, but also concentrated in the richest population and of course was associated with some factors. As found in previous studies, the high prevalence of GERD is associated with overweight/obesity, 13,34,35 dietary factors (fast food), 36 lower educational level, 37 and behavioral factors such as alcohol drinking, 13,36 and smoking. 13,35,38 On the other hand, there were more proportions of obesity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption in the higher SES.…”

Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: a meta-analysis

“…In the remaining studies, 30 used a postal questionnaire,19–23 25–27 29 32 36 37 39 54 56 60–62 64 66 69 75 78 81 94 97 100 106 111 118 22 conducted a face-to-face interview,11 31 33 41 45 53 58 59 63 65 67 70 71 76 91 95 99 101 103 107 115 117 16 used a self-completed questionnaire (including internet-based questionnaires),24 35 44 48 50 77 84 85 87–90 96 110 112 114 17 used an interview-administered questionnaire28 30 38 51 55 57 73 80 82 83 86 92 98 102 104 116 119 and 16 used a questionnaire completed during a telephone interview 34 40 42 43 46 47 49 52 68 72 74 79 93 105 108 109. Pooled prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms was highest in the 30 studies that used a postal q...…”

“…There were 22 studies that reported the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms according to presence of obesity,11 32 44 51 53 58 59 65 77 80 84 88 89 97 100 102–104 105 115 116 119 which was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 in all studies, with the exception of three Chinese studies, two of which used a BMI of ≥28 kg/m 2 ,84 89 and one that used ≥27.5 kg/m 2 88. The pooled prevalence was higher in obese subjects compared with non-obese (22.1% (95% CI 17.4% to 27.2%) vs 14.2% (95% CI 10.8% to 18.0%)).…”

Prevalence of Dyspepsia in Individuals With Gastroesophageal Reflux–Type Symptoms in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Of these, there were 79 separate adult study populations reporting the prevalence of weekly GERS, of which 19 also reported the proportion of individuals with dyspepsia ( Figure 1). 21,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Agreement between investigators for assessment of study eligibility was perfect (k statistic ¼ 1.0). Detailed characteristics of all included studies are provided in Table 1.…”