The role of column liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in environmental trace-level analysis. Determination and identification of pesticides in water

Hogenboom, A.C.; Niessen, W.M.A.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.

doi:10.1002/1615-9314(20010501)24:5<331::aid-jssc331>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…The sample preparation scheme and the analysis procedure were designed to be simple and straightforward. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been noted in the literature for its inherent simplicity and ease of use over other sample extraction and enrichment techniques such as solid-phase extraction (Hogenboom et al 2001). Esterification of MEAA to the corresponding ethyl ester was also straightforward; acid-catalyzed esterification of organic acids with alcohols is commonly practiced in the literature (Hardt 2001;Laitinen 1997;Kezic et al 2000;Korn et al 1984;Wu et al 2002) and was used for this assay procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test Procedure for the Determination of (2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic Acid in Urine from Jet Fuel-Exposed Mice

B’Hymer

Keil

Cheever

2005

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods

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A test procedure for the determination of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA) was adapted and applied to urine samples from jet fuel (JP-8)-exposed mice using capillary gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (MSD). MEAA is a metabolite and proposed biomarker for exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, a glycol ether component in the formulation of JP-8. The collected urine samples were spiked with deuterated butoxyacetic acid internal standard, and extracted with ethyl acetate, and esterified with ethanol and sulfuric acid, and the esters of the glycol ethers were extracted with methylene chloride. The chromatographic conditions used easily separate the MEAA ethyl ester from interferences within mouse urine. The application of this procedure to urine samples collected from mice demonstrated that MEAA was detectable after oral (2000 mg/kg) or dermal (50 mu L) exposure for 7 days to JP-8 at levels as high as 8.5 or 6.5 mu g/mL, respectively. This pilot demonstration indicated that total urinary MEAA was a viable biomarker for the two routes of JP-8 exposure in laboratory mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test Procedure for the Determination of (2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic Acid in Urine from Jet Fuel-Exposed Mice

B’Hymer

Keil

Cheever

2005

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods

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“…have been used for efficient extraction. An interesting overview on SPE sorbents has been carried out by Hogenboom, Niessen, and Brinkman (2001). Recent studies prefer to use more hydrophilic polymeric solid phases such as PLRP‐s and PRP‐1, instead of the classical C 18 adsorbent (see Table 2).…”

Section: Analytical Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of pesticides in water by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric techniques

Kuster

Alda

Barceló

2006

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Pesticide residues continue to be the focus of many environmental studies, and the number of articles describing the development of more advanced, multiresidue analytical methodologies does not decline. The use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based on single quadrupole or ion trap analyzers is consolidated for this purpose. The implementation, in the near future, of more sophisticated mass analyzers, such as triple quadrupole and hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight is anticipated for routine analysis. This article reviews the various works published so far in the literature for the determination of pesticides and transformation products (TPs) in water by means of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. It discusses the various ionization sources and analyzers used for this purpose, as well as the extraction procedures employed for previous sample preconcentration. Because of the widespread use of triple quadrupole analyzers for the generation of pesticides levels in water using tandem mass spectrometry, a table compiling the transitions monitored for ca. 70 compounds is also included.

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“…Furthermore, using on-line SPE-LC-ESI-MS-MS, sample volumes of 1.3 mL were found to be sufficient to analyze about 30 pesticides down to 0.1 pg/L [87]. Additional literature on this topic may be found in a review article [88].…”

Section: Adsorptive Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS analysis in the aquatic environment and in water treatment ? a critical review

Zwiener

Frimmel

2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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LC-MS has become an invaluable technique for trace analysis of polar compounds in aqueous samples of the environment and in water treatment. LC-MS is of particular importance due to the impetus it has provided for research into the occurrence and fate of polar contaminants, and of their even more polar transformation products. Mass spectrometric detection and identification is most widely used in combination with sample preconcentration, chromatographic separation and atmospheric pressure ionization (API). The focus of the first part of this review is directed particularly toward instruments and method development with respect to their applications for detecting emerging contaminants, microorganisms and humic substances (HS). The current status and future perspectives of 1) mass analyzers, 2) ionization techniques to interface liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS), 3) methods for preconcentration and separation with respect to their application for water analysis are discussed and examples of applications are given. Quadrupole and ion trap mass analyzers with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are already applied in routine analysis. Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers are of particular interest for accurate mass measurements for identification of unknowns. For non-polar compounds, different ionization approaches have been described, such as atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), electrochemistry with ESI, or electron capture ionization with APCI. In sample preconcentration and separation, solid phase extraction (SPE) with different non-selective sorbent materials and HPLC on reversed-phase materials (RP-HPLC) play the dominant role. In addition, various on-line and miniaturized approaches for sample extraction and sample introduction into the MS have been used. Ion chromatography (IC), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are alternative separation techniques. Furthermore, the issues of compound identification, matrix effects on quantitation, development of mass spectral libraries and the topic of connecting analysis and toxicity bioassays are addressed.

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The role of column liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in environmental trace-level analysis. Determination and identification of pesticides in water

Cited by 45 publications

References 95 publications

A Test Procedure for the Determination of (2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic Acid in Urine from Jet Fuel-Exposed Mice

A Test Procedure for the Determination of (2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic Acid in Urine from Jet Fuel-Exposed Mice

Analysis of pesticides in water by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric techniques

LC-MS analysis in the aquatic environment and in water treatment ? a critical review

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