The Role of Chosen Essential Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs) Dedicated to Oncology Patients—Critical Review: State-of-the-Art

Abstract

The scoping review aimed to characterise the role of selected essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) aimed at oncology patients. The scope review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to find published references on this subject. Data from the reviewed literature were related to the physiological functions of the element in the body, and the effects of deficiencies and excesses, referring to the latest ESPEN and EFSA guidelines, among others. Important dietary indices/parameters based on the literature review are provided for each element. On the basis of the literature, data on the level of elements in patients with cancer were collected. The content of these elements in 100 mL of FSMPs was read from the manufacturers’ declarations. The literature has been provided on the importance of each element in cancer. Our findings show that the essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, and Mn) of FSMPs for cancer patients are not adequately treated. We suggest solutions to ensure the safe use of FSMPs in oncology patients.

Soil quality Change Following Compost and Farmyard Manure Application in Maize and Cassava based Agro-ecosystems of Mvomero and Masasi -Tanzania

“…represents dependence of concentrations on the sampling sites with different anthropogenic loadings (see Table 1, 3) Interactions between trace elements observed in the plants themselves show that they can be either antagonistic or synergistic. The largest number of antagonistic reactions is noted for Fe, Mn, Co, and Zn, which are key elements in plant physiology [68][69][70]. The functions of these elements are associated with absorption processes and with enzymatic reactions.…”

Iron; Benefits or threatens (with emphasis on mechanism and treatment of its poisoning)

“…Iron is one of the most copious elements, 9 and is an essential biological element for all living creatures. 10,11 It has a lot of biological adaptability, which shows itself as oxidation-reduction reaction, 12 but due to all the abundance of iron in the earth, it is known as a limiting factor for growth. 9 This contradiction is based on the fact that the combination of iron with oxygen produces highly insoluble oxides, which are not readily available for the absorption of living organisms.…”

Qualitative Study on the Factors Influencing the Utilisation of Products Labelled “Food for Special Medicinal Use” (FSMP)

“…Some writers believe that FSMPs intended for oncology patients may not be adequate for some critical elements, such as Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, or Mn, despite the regulatory standards regarding the composition of FSMPs, implying that the formulations are based on commonly accepted scientific facts [7]. In addition, similar studies have indicated that sample determination for Se, Zn, K, Mg, and vitamin C differ from (E.U.)…”