The Role of Cellular Lipid in the Resistance of Gram-positive Bacteria to Penicillins

Hugo, W. B.; Stretton, R.J.

doi:10.1099/00221287-42-1-133

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The composition of bacterial lipids and their structural arrangement might prevent the entrance or binding of different antibacterial agents (1). Changes in lipid composition have been found after mutation to drug resistance in various species (7,11,15,29). Except for an increase in the amount of palmitic acid, no significant differences in sugars of fatty acids were found when crude LPS preparations from strains D21 and D22 were compared ( Table 3), indicating that at least the carbohydrate part of LPS is not the target of the envA mutation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenethyl Alcohol as a Suppressor of theEnvAPhenotype Associated with theenvAGene inEscherichia coliK-12

Normark

1971

J Bacteriol

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In Escherichia coli K-12 the envA gene was previously shown to mediate chain formation and a decreased tolerance to several antibacterial agents. Phenethyl alcohol at low concentrations has now been found to increase the tolerance to actinomycin D, ampicillin, rifampin, and gentian violet in strains containing envA. The increased tolerance to gentian violet was correlated to a decreased uptake of the dye. A phenotypic suppression of chain formation and colony morphology in envA mutants was also obtained. Except for an increase in palmitic acid, chemical analysis revealed no differences between an envA and its wild-type strain in the lipopolysaccharide part of the envelope. However, a decrease in the amount of phosphatidylglycerol and a C 18: 1 fatty acid was observed in the extractable lipids of a strain containing envA. Growth in the presence of phenethyl alcohol reversed the changes in fatty acid and the phospholipid composition. Phenethyl alcohol was found to cause an immediate but transient inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis. It is suggested that this inhibition affects the penetrability barrier of the outer cell envelope layers in strains containing envA.CaC12, solidified with 1.5% agar. The Casamino Acids medium contained medium E, 0.2% casein hydrolysate supplemented with L-tryptophan (50 ug/ml), and 0.2% glucose. The experiments were performed at 37 C. Growth was recorded with the use of a Klett-Summerson colorimeter with a W66 filter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenethyl Alcohol as a Suppressor of theEnvAPhenotype Associated with theenvAGene inEscherichia coliK-12

Normark

1971

J Bacteriol

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“…Several investigators have suggested that there may be a relation between antibiotic resistance and the lipid content of bacterial cells (4,8,9). Dunnick and O'Leary (4) reported that an antibioticresistant strain of S. aureus contained more lipid than a susceptible strain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Minocycline and Tetracycline by Tetracycline-Susceptible and -Resistant Bacteria

Kuck¹,

Forbes²

1973

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Minocycline (7-dimethylamino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline) is a new semisynthetic tetracycline with potent activity against tetracycline-susceptible bacterial pathogens and unique activity against tetracycline-resistant staphylococci. Studies to determine the basis for this unique activity showed that, whereas tetracycline-resistant staphylococci took up less 3H-tetracycline than the susceptible cells, both the tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible cells accumulated equivalent amounts of "C-minocycline. In contrast, tetracyclineresistant Escherichia coli cells were relatively resistant to minocycline and accumulated less of both drugs than did the susceptible organisms. It is proposed that minocycline is effective against tetracycline-resistant staphylococci because of its ability to penetrate the cells sufficiently to reach inhibiting concentrations at sensitive reaction sites.

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“…Differences in total lipid or fatty acid composition, or both, have been associated with an increased antibiotic resistance in various bacteria, and it has been suggested that the lipid composition may be of importance in preventing the entrance or binding of the antibiotic to the cell (2,9,11,(13)(14)(15). However, the divergence of results obtained does not allow any general conclusions to be drawn with regard to the role of lipids in the development of resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 42%

Lipid Composition of Gram-Negative Bacteria, Sensitive and Resistant to Streptomycin

Bishop

Bermingham

1973

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The Role of Cellular Lipid in the Resistance of Gram-positive Bacteria to Penicillins

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Phenethyl Alcohol as a Suppressor of theEnvAPhenotype Associated with theenvAGene inEscherichia coliK-12

Phenethyl Alcohol as a Suppressor of theEnvAPhenotype Associated with theenvAGene inEscherichia coliK-12

Uptake of Minocycline and Tetracycline by Tetracycline-Susceptible and -Resistant Bacteria

Lipid Composition of Gram-Negative Bacteria, Sensitive and Resistant to Streptomycin

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