The Role of Cellular Immunity Both in the Induction and Effector Phases of Experimental Allergic Blepharoconjunctivitis (EAC) in Rats

Fukushima, Atsuki; Yoshida, Hironori; Iwamoto, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Osamu; Ueno, Hideki

doi:10.1006/exer.1997.0362

Cited by 25 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In accordance with other experimental systems using these rats (10,15), more IFN-γ was produced in Lewis rats than BN rats (12,32), whereas IL-4 was detected only in BN rats (33). Agprimed LN cells of a mouse AC model (22) also produced Th2 cytokines.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Just after the stimulation period, 10 7 of LL or BL were intravenously injected into syngeneic recipient rats (Lewis rats: nϭ7, BN rats: nϭ6). Four days after the transfer, rats were challenged topically with OVA (250 µg OVA in 50 µl PBS) into the conjunctiva (12,25,32,33). Clinical appearance was evaluated 24 hr later.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical evaluation was as previously reported (12,13,32). In brief, lid swelling and discharge were assessed and each finding in each eye was scored as one point.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For histological study, eyes includ-ing the conjunctivas were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Central 3-µm verticalplane sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, May-Giemsa, and Periodic Acid-Schiff (12,13,25,32,33). The number of infiltrating lymphocytes and eosinophils in the conjunctivas were counted by two masked observers.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Expression and Signaling of IFN‐γ in the Conjunctiva between Lewis and Brown Norway Rats

Fukushima¹,

Ozaki²,

Fukata³

et al. 2003

Microbiology and Immunology

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Genetic background determines the histological features of experimental immune‐mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (EC) in rats, which is a model for human allergic conjunctivitis (AC). A great number of lymphocytes predominate in EC of Lewis rats, while less lymphocytes and more eosinophils are present in that of Brown Norway (BN) rats. Although this difference could be attributed to their systemic Th1/Th2 dominancy, it remains unclear whether some regulatory mechanisms may exist in the inflammatory site in the conjunctiva. Here, we aim to investigate this hypothesis by comparing the expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the conjunctiva between the two strains. EC was induced in Lewis and BN rats by transfer of ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific CD4+ T‐cell lines followed by eye drops of OVA as antigen challenge, and then was clinically and histologically evaluated. Reverse‐transcription (RT)‐PCR was performed to compare the expressions of cytokines and cytokine receptors (Rs) in conjunctivas of both strains of rats either with or without EC. To confirm the biological significance of interferon (IFN)‐γ R expression, phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)‐1 was examined in the conjunctivas, followed by subconjunctival injection of IFN‐γ. BN T cells contained interleukin (IL)‐4 and IFN‐γ, while Lewis T cells expressed no IL‐4. Transfer of those cells induced more severe EC in Lewis rats. RT‐PCR using naive conjunctivas detected more IL‐4, IFN‐γ, and IFN‐γR β‐chain RNA expression in BN rats. After the EC induction, BN rats expressed significantly higher amounts of IFN‐γR β‐chain, and upregulation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 was observed. Phosphorylation of STAT‐1 was more remarkable in BN rats. The findings demonstrate differential expression of IFN‐γR and signaling through IFN‐γ in the conjunctiva between the two strains. This may be due to differences in histopathological character between the two strains.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical evaluation was as previously reported (12,13,32). In brief, lid swelling and discharge were assessed and each finding in each eye was scored as one point.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differential Expression and Signaling of IFN‐γ in the Conjunctiva between Lewis and Brown Norway Rats

Fukushima¹,

Ozaki²,

Fukata³

et al. 2003

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…As the early phase reaction of conjunctivitis has been studied extensively both in humans and animals, other studies in rat models focused on the role of the cellular infiltration which is the main feature of the late phase reaction and indicated, that the cellular immunity plays a major role in the development of allergic conjunctivitis, both in the induction and effector phases (62,63).…”

Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of allergic and inflammatory conjunctivitis

Groneberg

Bielory

Fischer

et al. 2003

Allergy

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Numerous recent reports have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence and incidence of allergic conditions during the past years which affect approximately 25% of the general population (1) and about US$ 6 billion alone are estimated as direct costs of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (2). Whereas a large amount of studies have focused on the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis and asthma over the past years, ocular allergies are less well studied. However, allergic diseases affecting the eye are very common (3) and pediatric studies have shown that within distinct cohorts, up to 32% of allergic children have an ocular allergy as the primary manifestation of allergy (4). Allergic eye diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis commonly present with the symptoms of itchy, watery, red, sore and swollen eyes, but not pain (5).In contrast to the large amount of experimental studies on allergic asthma and the detailed knowledge that exists on mediators of allergic airway inflammation (6-8), there are few experimental studies using models of allergic eye diseases. Detailed reviews to assess the pathophysiology and immunology of ocular allergies have been limited. This review hopefully fills this void to provide the clinical and translational researcher in the area of ocular allergy. Pathophysiology of ocular allergiesBefore characterizing the different animal models of ocular allergy which have been established so far, it is crucial to reflect that within the area of ocular allergies, different disease entities exist and that only some of them may be mimicked by animal models. Formally, conjunctivitis may be divided into allergic and nonallergic conjunctivitis and the allergic form may also be subdivided into IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis ( Fig. 1) (9). Clinically, the spectrum of conjunctivitis types can be subdivided into allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis.In contrast to the other forms of conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis is commonly based on an IgEmediated hypersensitivity reaction. Furthermore, allergic Allergic eye diseases are complex inflammatory conditions of the conjunctiva with an increasing prevalence and incidence. The diseases are often concomitant with other allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma. Despite the disabling and prominent symptoms of ocular allergies, they are less well studied and further insights into the molecular basics are still required. To establish new therapeutic approaches and assess immunological mechanisms, animal models of ocular allergies have been developed in the past years. The major forms of allergic ocular diseases, seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis, each have different pathophysiological and immunological components. In contrast to these distinct entities, the current animal models are based on the sensitization against a small numbe...

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