The role of blood cells in the process of asexual reproduction in the tunicate <i>Perophora viridis</i>

Freeman, G. L.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401560204

Cited by 104 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They are believed to differentiate into other cells, such as those of hematogenic nodules, germinal components, smooth muscle, and connective tissue (Freeman 1964;Mukai and Watanabe 1976;Ermak 1982;Cloney 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata

et al. 2009

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Ascidian hemolymph contains various types of blood cells (hemocytes), which are believed to be involved in defense mechanisms. We have studied nitric-oxide (NO) synthase activity in hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate which cell types are involved in NO production, we first identified, by electron microscopy, the types of hemocytes previously described, mainly by light microscopy, by others. Five types of blood cells could be recognized in the hemolymph: granulocytes, hemoblasts, lymphocyte-like cells, morula cells, and pigment cells. The lymphocyte-like cells produced the most NO. In agreement with studies of other invertebrates, nitrite generation did not change after LPS stimulation in assays in vitro, under either different concentrations of LPS or different time periods. Therefore, we performed an in vivo assay by injecting a known quantity of Escherichia coli into the tunic of the ascidians in order to investigate possible differences in NO levels. No increase of NO occurred accompanying the inflammatory reaction suggesting that another molecule in the pathway was involved. We found that nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) was activated. Since NFkappaB is involved in the production of many substances related to immune responses, additional molecules might also be generated in response to E. coli infection. These observations may improve our understanding of the reaction of animals to eutrophic conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata

et al. 2009

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“…It is referred to as a hemoblast and is characterized by the presence of a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and narrow cytoplasm filled with polysomes (Wright, 1981). A variety of tissues and organs such as the gonad (Mukai and Watanabe, 1976;Sunanaga et al, 2006Sunanaga et al, , 2007, the pericardium (Nunzi et al, 1979), the pyloric gland (Kawamura and Nakauchi, 1986), and bud vesicle (Oka and Watanabe, 1957;Freeman, 1964;Sabbadin et al, 1975) differentiate from undifferentiated coelomic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Muscle-Cell Differentiation from Coelomic Stem Cells in Colonial Tunicates

2007

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Body muscle-cell differentiation was ultrastructurally examined in palleal buds of the colonial tunicate Symplegma reptans. Undifferentiated coelomic cells accumulate near the primordial oral siphon and associate with the basal lamina beneath the epidermis. They initially display the characteristics of hemoblast cells that have a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and narrow cytoplasm filled with polysomes. However, they soon become unique due to the development of an indented contour of the nucleus. When the basal lamina of the epidermis develops into the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM), the muscle precursor cell has the deeply-notched nucleus, and thick and thin filaments in the cytoplasm facing the ECM. Collagen fibril-like structures appear in the ECM. Myofilaments are arranged with the ratio of thick to thin filaments being 1:2.5. Dense bodies and plaques become evident before the oral siphon is perforated. These results show that in S. reptans, the sphincter muscle cells arise from undifferentiated hemoblasts, and that their differentiation begins with a morphological change in their nuclei. Epidermal cells and/or the ECM may have an inductive effect on muscle cell differentiation.

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“…The phenomenon of distal regeneration from proximal parts of the adult body was termed "partial body regeneration" (Jeffery, 2015b) to distinguish it from other types of regeneration displayed by ascidians: bipolar regeneration in Clavellina (Brien, 1968) and whole body regeneration in colonial ascidians (Freeman, 1964;Tiozzo et al, 2008;Brown and Swalla, 2012).…”

Section: Partial Body Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration, Stem Cells, and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona

Jeffery

2015

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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The role of blood cells in the process of asexual reproduction in the tunicate Perophora viridis

Cited by 104 publications

References 13 publications

Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata

Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata

Body Muscle-Cell Differentiation from Coelomic Stem Cells in Colonial Tunicates

Regeneration, Stem Cells, and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona

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