Regeneration, Stem Cells, and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona

Jeffery, William R.

doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.06.005

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Cellular aggregates in the S. plicata intestinal submucosa show similarities to putative stem cell niches that have been documented for other ascidians, including Styela clava [49] and Ciona [64, 65]. Ermak [49, 66] observed in various styelids that stem cell niches are either organized in nodules or appear diffused.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Putative stem cells in the hemolymph and in the intestinal submucosa of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata

Jiménez-Merino¹,

Abreu²,

Hiebert³

et al. 2019

EvoDevo

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BackgroundIn various ascidian species, circulating stem cells have been documented to be involved in asexual reproduction and whole-body regeneration. Studies of these cell population(s) are mainly restricted to colonial species. Here, we investigate the occurrence of circulating stem cells in the solitary Styela plicata, a member of the Styelidae, a family with at least two independent origins of coloniality.ResultsUsing flow cytometry, we characterized a population of circulating putative stem cells (CPSCs) in S. plicata and determined two gates likely enriched with CPSCs based on morphology and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. We found an ALDH + cell population with low granularity, suggesting a stem-like state. In an attempt to uncover putative CPSCs niches in S. plicata, we performed a histological survey for hemoblast-like cells, followed by immunohistochemistry with stem cell and proliferation markers. The intestinal submucosa (IS) showed high cellular proliferation levels and high frequency of undifferentiated cells and histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of hemoblast aggregations in the IS suggesting a possible niche. Finally, we document the first ontogenetic appearance of distinct metamorphic circulatory mesenchyme cells, which precedes the emergence of juvenile hemocytes.ConclusionsWe find CPSCs in the hemolymph of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata, presumably involved in the regenerative capacity of this species. The presence of proliferating and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells suggests IS as a possible niche.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Putative stem cells in the hemolymph and in the intestinal submucosa of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata

Jiménez-Merino¹,

Abreu²,

Hiebert³

et al. 2019

EvoDevo

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“…RA, Notch and Wnt pathways play roles in regeneration and development in many species, including Stolidobranchian tunicates 25 , 37 , 67 and Cionidae 19 , 74 . The involvement of such conserved signalling pathways opens a number of interesting hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among tunicates, even between closely related species, there exist significant differences in life cycle, reproduction and regeneration ability, which likely reflect an underlying diversity in genomic content. For instance, differences in both asexual and sexual reproduction have been observed within the Botryllidae family 19 , 35 , 92 , 93 . Furthermore, B. schlosseri can only undergo WBR during a short time frame of its asexual reproductive cycle when the adults are reabsorbed by the colony 8 , 115 while B. leachii can undergo WBR throughout its adult life 116 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These larvae will explore their environment, attach to a submersed substrate and undergo metamorphosis into a sessile filter-feeding adult. These ascidians can regenerate some organs, including their oral siphon 17 , 18 although regeneration capability reduces as they age 19 . Ascidiacean genomes represent the majority of the sequenced tunicate genomes, with five published genomes ( Ciona robusta [formerly known as C. intestinalis type A], Ciona savigny, Molgula oculata , Molgula occulta , Molgula occidentalis 14 , 20 – 23 ), two yet unpublished species ( Phallusia mamilata , Phallusia fumigata 22 ) and two currently being assembled ( Halocynthia rorezi , Halocynthia aurantium 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De novo draft assembly of the Botrylloides leachii genome provides further insight into tunicate evolution

Blanchoud

Rutherford

Zondag

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Tunicates are marine invertebrates that compose the closest phylogenetic group to the vertebrates. These chordates present a particularly diverse range of regenerative abilities and life-history strategies. Consequently, tunicates provide an extraordinary perspective into the emergence and diversity of these traits. Here we describe the genome sequencing, annotation and analysis of the Stolidobranchian Botrylloides leachii. We have produced a high-quality 159 Mb assembly, 82% of the predicted 194 Mb genome. Analysing genome size, gene number, repetitive elements, orthologs clustering and gene ontology terms show that B. leachii has a genomic architecture similar to that of most solitary tunicates, while other recently sequenced colonial ascidians have undergone genome expansion. In addition, ortholog clustering has identified groups of candidate genes for the study of colonialism and whole-body regeneration. By analysing the structure and composition of conserved gene linkages, we observed examples of cluster breaks and gene dispersions, suggesting that several lineage-specific genome rearrangements occurred during tunicate evolution. We also found lineage-specific gene gain and loss within conserved cell-signalling pathways. Such examples of genetic changes within conserved cell-signalling pathways commonly associated with regeneration and development that may underlie some of the diverse regenerative abilities observed in tunicates. Overall, these results provide a novel resource for the study of tunicates and of colonial ascidians.

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“…In addition, Ciona also presents a model system wherein the effects of aging on tissue repair and regeneration can be addressed. Regeneration in Ciona has been shown to be negatively impacted by age and/or size of the animal (the two being related; [ 23 , 111 , 112 , 115 ]). These studies suggest that the regenerative potential might be the greatest during juvenile and young adult stages and declining in adults; however, it is not yet known if an age-related decline in regenerative potential exists in the heart of Ciona .…”

Section: Ciona As An Experimental Model For Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciona as a Simple Chordate Model for Heart Development and Regeneration

Anderson

Christiaen

2016

JCDD

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Cardiac cell specification and the genetic determinants that govern this process are highly conserved among Chordates. Recent studies have established the importance of evolutionarily-conserved mechanisms in the study of congenital heart defects and disease, as well as cardiac regeneration. As a basal Chordate, the Ciona model system presents a simple scaffold that recapitulates the basic blueprint of cardiac development in Chordates. Here we will focus on the development and cellular structure of the heart of the ascidian Ciona as compared to other Chordates, principally vertebrates. Comparison of the Ciona model system to heart development in other Chordates presents great potential for dissecting the genetic mechanisms that underlie congenital heart defects and disease at the cellular level and might provide additional insight into potential pathways for therapeutic cardiac regeneration.

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Regeneration, Stem Cells, and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Putative stem cells in the hemolymph and in the intestinal submucosa of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata

Putative stem cells in the hemolymph and in the intestinal submucosa of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata

De novo draft assembly of the Botrylloides leachii genome provides further insight into tunicate evolution

Ciona as a Simple Chordate Model for Heart Development and Regeneration

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