The role of birds and insects in pollination shifts of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae)

Navarro-Pérez, María Luisa; López, José Darío Sánchez; Fernández‐Mazuecos, Mario; Rodríguez‐Riaño, Tomás; Vargas, Pablo; Ortega‐Olivencia, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.027

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…However, the number of species sampled (29) was not representative in order to obtain conclusive results about the phylogenetic relationships of Scrophularia, and no species from Macaronesia were included. More recent phylogenetic studies included an extended sampling of Scrophularia taxa distributed in Macaronesia: 7 samples in Navarro-Pérez et al (2013) and 20 in Scheunert and Heubl (2014). The latter authors proposed at least four independent colonization events, but colonization times were not estimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple windows of colonization to Macaronesia by the dispersal-unspecialized Scrophularia since the Late Miocene

Navarro-Pérez

Vargas

Fernández‐Mazuecos

et al. 2015

Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple windows of colonization to Macaronesia by the dispersal-unspecialized Scrophularia since the Late Miocene

Navarro-Pérez

Vargas

Fernández‐Mazuecos

et al. 2015

Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics

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“…The ITS region was amplified using the primers 17SE and 26SE (Sun et al 1994). DNA amplification was performed according to the protocol described in Guzmán and Vargas (2005), with minor modifications as described in Navarro-Pérez et al (2013). The ITS region was sequenced bidirectionally, whereas the trnL-trnF and trnQrps16 regions were sequenced using a single primer.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two plastid datasets were concatenated and combined with the nuclear (ITS) region in BEAST v1.7.5 (Drummond et al 2006(Drummond et al , 2012, which allowed us to infer divergence times among Scrophularia lineages. Three calibration points obtained from a previous temporal calibration of a ndhF phylogeny (Navarro-Pérez et al 2013) were included in the analyses: (1) the split between Teedia and the remaining genera used in the tree (26.77±4.27 Ma), (2) the split between Verbascum and Scrophularia (15.92±3.29 Ma), and (3) the crown age of Scrophularia (10.20±2.36 Ma). The GTR+I+G model for both datasets (concatenated plastid regions and ITS) was selected, and gamma distribution was modeled with six categories.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Divergence Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evolutionary patterns of Scrophularia staminode types were explored using Mesquite 2.74 (Maddison and Maddison 2010) with the same approaches as those reported by Navarro-Pérez et al (2013). Maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses were performed using approximately 40,000 trees from the BEAST analyses.…”

Section: Ancestral State Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bicarpellary gynoecium consists of a long style with a stigma that typically matures before the androecium, and, after pollination, it curves over the central lobe of the corolla lower lip, at the time when the stamens begin to unfold (Ortega-Olivencia and Devesa 1993a). The main pollinators are wasps (Sprengel 1793;Müller 1883;Shaw 1962;Faegri and van der Pijl 1979), honeybees, bumblebees, and/or hoverflies in some species (Schremmer 1959;de Vos 1983;Ortega-Olivencia and Devesa 1993b;Ortega-Olivencia et al 2012;Valtueña et al 2013), whereas other species have a mixed pollination system involving insects and vertebrates (passerine birds and lizards, Ortega-Olivencia et al 2012). Scrophularia macrantha, endemic to New Mexico (USA), possesses an ornithophily syndrome (Shaw 1962;Grant 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the staminode in a representative sample of Scrophularia and its role as nectar safeguard in three widespread species

Rodríguez‐Riaño

Valtueña

López

et al. 2015

Sci Nat

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Approximately 30% of the genera of Scrophulariaceae s.str. have a staminode, which is the remnant of a sterile stamen. However, there are no studies of the functionality or evolutionary pattern of staminodes in that family. This paper investigates three Scrophularia species with different staminode sizes to determine if the staminode safeguards nectar from dilution by rainwater and if it influences pollinator behavior. We also study staminode evolution and ancestral state reconstruction onto a phylogeny containing 71 species and subspecies with four different staminode developmental stages: tiny, large, enormous, and absent. The results showed that large staminodes did not hinder nectar collection or modify pollinator-visiting time but acted as a barrier to reduce rainwater entry. The latter reduced the dilution of nectar, which did not occur with tiny staminodes. The phylogenetic study revealed that the ancestral state in the genus corresponds with the presence of a large staminode vs. the tiny and enormous staminodes that are considered as derived. The complete disappearance of the staminode has occurred independently at least twice. Events occurred that increased or reduced the staminode size in one of the clades (Clade II), which includes species of sect. Caninae; most of these events occurred during the Pleistocene (0.6-2.7 Ma).

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Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?

Valtueña

López

Andreu

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Many studies have addressed evolution and phylogeography of plant taxa in oceanic islands, but have primarily focused on endemics because of the assumption that in widespread taxa the absence of morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations is due to recent colonization. In this paper, we studied the phylogeography of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual species, in an attempt to determine the number and spatiotemporal origins of dispersal events to Canary Islands. Four different regions, ITS and ETS from nDNA and psbA‐trnH and psbJ‐petA from cpDNA, were used to date divergence events within S. arguta lineages and determine the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A haplotype network was obtained to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. Our results support an ancient origin of S. arguta (Miocene) with expansion and genetic differentiation in the Pliocene coinciding with the aridification of northern Africa and the formation of the Mediterranean climate. Indeed, results indicate for Canary Islands three different events of colonization, including two ancient events that probably happened in the Pliocene and have originated the genetically most divergent populations into this species and, interestingly, a recent third event of colonization of Gran Canaria from mainland instead from the closest islands (Tenerife or Fuerteventura). In spite of the great genetic divergence among populations, it has not implied any morphological variation. Our work highlights the importance of nonendemic species to the genetic richness and conservation of island flora and the significance of the island populations of widespread taxa in the global biodiversity.

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The role of birds and insects in pollination shifts of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae)

Cited by 36 publications

References 89 publications

Multiple windows of colonization to Macaronesia by the dispersal-unspecialized Scrophularia since the Late Miocene

Multiple windows of colonization to Macaronesia by the dispersal-unspecialized Scrophularia since the Late Miocene

Evolution of the staminode in a representative sample of Scrophularia and its role as nectar safeguard in three widespread species

Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?

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