Multiple windows of colonization to Macaronesia by the dispersal-unspecialized Scrophularia since the Late Miocene

Navarro-Pérez, María Luisa; Vargas, Pablo; Fernández‐Mazuecos, Mario; López, José Darío Sánchez; Valtueña, Francisco J.; Ortega‐Olivencia, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2015.05.002

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The genus Scrophularia includes about 270 species (Ortega-Olivencia and Devesa 1993), most of which are herbaceous perennials and suffruticose that have a primarily Holarctic distribution. For this genus, a strong affinity between the western Mediterranean region and Macaronesia has been suggested (Dalgaard 1979;Ortega-Olivencia and Devesa 1993), and this was recently confirmed using molecular markers (Scheunert and Heubl 2014;Navarro-P erez et al 2015). Eleven species and subspecies inhabit Macaronesia, of which eight are endemic (S. hirta Lowe, S. racemosa Lowe, S. lowei Dalgaard to Madeira; S. calliantha Webb & Berthel, S. glabrata Aiton, and three subspecies of S. smithii Hornem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A biogeographical study on the genus Scrophularia in Macaronesia using the ITS and three chloroplast regions also failed to clarify which species or clade is basal in the genus, but S. arguta is part of a clade whose base is unresolved and diverged toward the middle–late Miocene (Navarro‐Pérez et al. ). Therefore, previous studies do not contradict our result that S. arguta is an ancient species that originated in the Miocene, although they do not support its basal position within the genus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Navarro‐Pérez et al. (), using only one individual from each species, dated the divergence to the Pleistocene–Pliocene transition. Consequently, the presence of S. arguta , one of the few annual Scrophularia species (A. Ortega‐Olivencia, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?

Valtueña

López

Andreu

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Many studies have addressed evolution and phylogeography of plant taxa in oceanic islands, but have primarily focused on endemics because of the assumption that in widespread taxa the absence of morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations is due to recent colonization. In this paper, we studied the phylogeography of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual species, in an attempt to determine the number and spatiotemporal origins of dispersal events to Canary Islands. Four different regions, ITS and ETS from nDNA and psbA‐trnH and psbJ‐petA from cpDNA, were used to date divergence events within S. arguta lineages and determine the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A haplotype network was obtained to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. Our results support an ancient origin of S. arguta (Miocene) with expansion and genetic differentiation in the Pliocene coinciding with the aridification of northern Africa and the formation of the Mediterranean climate. Indeed, results indicate for Canary Islands three different events of colonization, including two ancient events that probably happened in the Pliocene and have originated the genetically most divergent populations into this species and, interestingly, a recent third event of colonization of Gran Canaria from mainland instead from the closest islands (Tenerife or Fuerteventura). In spite of the great genetic divergence among populations, it has not implied any morphological variation. Our work highlights the importance of nonendemic species to the genetic richness and conservation of island flora and the significance of the island populations of widespread taxa in the global biodiversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?

Valtueña

López

Andreu

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The phylogeny of Scrophularia has been explored extensively in the last decade (Attar et al, ; Scheunert & Heubl, , , ; Navarro‐Pérez et al, , ; Chen et al, ), based on one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) and one to several chloroplast regions ( trnS‐G , trnQ‐rps16 , psbA‐trnH , ndhF , and trnL‐F ) of comprehensively sampled taxa (up to 147 species). All of these studies supported the monophyly of Scrophularia by including Oreosolen Hook.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of figworts (Scrophularia, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Scrophularia and Lamiales

Losh

Chen

et al. 2018

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The figwort genus Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) comprises 200–300 species and is widespread throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Due to reticulate evolution resulting from hybridization and polyploidization, the taxonomy and phylogeny of Scrophularia is notoriously challenging. Here we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of S. henryi Hemsl. and S. dentata Royle ex Benth. and compare them with those of S. takesimensis Nakai and S. buergeriana Miq. The Scrophularia cp genomes ranged from 152 425 to 153 631 bp in length. Each cp genome contained 113 unigenes, consisting of 78 protein‐coding genes, 31 transfer RNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Gene order, gene content, AT content and IR/SC boundary structure were nearly identical among them. Nine cpDNA markers (trnH‐psbA, rps15, rps18‐rpl20, rpl32‐trnL, trnS‐trnG, ycf15‐trnL, rps4‐trnT, ndhF‐rpl32, and rps16‐trnQ) with more than 2% variable sites were identified. Our phylogenetic analyses including 55 genera from Lamiales strongly supported a sister relationship between ((Bignoniaceae + Verbenaceae) + Pedaliaceae) and (Acanthaceae + Lentibulariaceae). Within Scrophulariaceae, a topology of (S. dentata + (S. takesimensis + (S. buergeriana + S. henryi))) was strongly supported. The crown age of Lamiales was estimated to be 85.1 Ma (95% highest posterior density, 70.6–99.8 Ma). The higher core Lamiales originated at 65.6 Ma (95% highest posterior density, 51.4–79.4 Ma), with a subsequent radiation that occurred in the Paleocene (between 55.4 and 62.3 Ma) and gave birth to the diversified families. Our study provides a robust phylogeny and a temporal framework for further investigation of the evolution of Lamiales.

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“…lowei and western Canarian S . arguta populations involving a recent divergence among the populations with haplotype G. An affinity between Canary Islands and Madeira has been previously indicated for the genus Scrophularia [35, 36]. Unfortunately, the poor resolution obtained in those studies hindered determination of the dispersal route between archipelagos and identification of the archipelago initially colonized from the mainland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripatric speciation in an endemic Macaronesian plant after recent divergence from a widespread relative

et al. 2017

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The Macaronesian Scrophularia lowei is hypothesized to have arisen from the widespread S. arguta on the basis of several phylogenetic studies of the genus, but sampling has been limited. Although these two annual species are morphologically distinct, the origin of S. lowei is unclear because genetic studies focused on this Macaronesian species are lacking. We studied 5 S. lowei and 25 S. arguta populations to determine the relationship of both species and to infer the geographical origin of S. lowei. The timing of S. lowei divergence and differentiation was inferred by dating analysis of the ITS region. A phylogenetic analysis of two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and two chloroplast (psbJ–petA and psbA–trnH) DNA regions was performed to study the relationship between the two species, and genetic differentiation was analysed by AMOVA. Haplotype network construction and Bayesian phylogeographic analysis were conducted using chloroplast DNA regions and a spatial clustering analysis was carried out on a combined dataset of all studied regions. Our results indicate that both species constitute a well-supported clade that diverged in the Miocene and differentiated in the Late Miocene-Pleistocene. Although S. lowei constitutes a well-supported clade according to nDNA, cpDNA revealed a close relationship between S. lowei and western Canarian S. arguta, a finding supported by the spatial clustering analysis. Both species have strong population structure, with most genetic variability explained by inter-population differences. Our study therefore supports a recent peripatric speciation of S. lowei—a taxon that differs morphologically and genetically at the nDNA level from its closest relative, S. arguta, but not according to cpDNA, from the closest Macaronesian populations of that species. In addition, a recent dispersal of S. arguta to Madeira from Canary Islands or Selvagens Islands and a rapid morphological differentiation after the colonization to generate S. lowei is the most likely hypothesis to explain the origin of the last taxon.

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Multiple windows of colonization to Macaronesia by the dispersal-unspecialized Scrophularia since the Late Miocene

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?

Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?

Comparative genomics of figworts (Scrophularia, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Scrophularia and Lamiales

Peripatric speciation in an endemic Macaronesian plant after recent divergence from a widespread relative

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