The Role of Biogenic Hydrocarbons in Urban Photochemical Smog: Atlanta as a Case Study

Chameides, W. L.; Lindsay, RW; Richardson, Jennifer L.; Kiang, C. S.

doi:10.1126/science.3420404

Cited by 934 publications

(634 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The loss rate of ozone increases with the addition of the isoprene source because of the direct reaction of ozone with the double carbon-carbon bonds in isoprene. This is in contrast to the situation over most of the contiguous United States, where isoprene emissions contribute to ozone formation (Chameides et al, 1988). The reason is the relatively low NO x (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) concentrations used in the model (see Table 2 for initialization values for all chemical species).…”

Section: Atmospheric Chemistry Modellingcontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…Once isoprene enters the atmosphere, it has profound effects on regional air quality (Chameides et al, 1988), the global oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere (Crutzen and Zimmermann, 1991), and secondary organic aerosol production (Andreae and Crutzen, 1997). Isoprene emissions are modelled using algorithms derived from the leaf-level response of emissions to variations in temperature and light, which have mechanistic underpinnings (Guenther et al, 1993;Grote and Niinemets, 2008;Monson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

et al. 2013

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Whole-system fluxes of isoprene from a moist acidic tundra ecosystem and leaf-level emission rates of isoprene from a common species (Salix pulchra) in that same ecosystem were measured during three separate field campaigns. The field campaigns were conducted during the summers of 2005, 2010 and 2011 and took place at the Toolik Field Station (68.6° N, 149.6° W) on the north slope of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. The maximum rate of whole-system isoprene flux measured was over 1.2 mg C m−2 h−1 with an air temperature of 22 °C and a PAR level over 1500 μmol m−2 s−1. Leaf-level isoprene emission rates for S. pulchra averaged 12.4 nmol m−2 s−1 (27.4 μg C gdw−1 h−1) extrapolated to standard conditions (PAR = 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 and leaf temperature = 30 °C). Leaf-level isoprene emission rates were well characterized by the Guenther algorithm for temperature with published coefficients, but less so for light. Chamber measurements from a nearby moist acidic tundra ecosystem with little S. pulchra emitted significant amounts of isoprene, but at lower rates (0.45 mg C m−2 h−1) suggesting other significant isoprene emitters. Comparison of our results to predictions from a global model found broad agreement, but a detailed analysis revealed some significant discrepancies. An atmospheric chemistry box model predicts that the observed isoprene emissions have a significant impact on Arctic atmospheric chemistry, including a reduction of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. Our results support the prediction that isoprene emissions from Arctic ecosystems will increase with global climate change

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Section: Atmospheric Chemistry Modellingcontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

et al. 2013

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“…Tropospheric oxidation, in turn, determines the lifetime of numerous atmospheric constituents, including methane and carbon monoxide. Biogenic isoprene emission also contributes to the generation of tropospheric ozone in urban atmospheres (Chameides et al 1988). Given its prominent role in tropospheric oxidative chemistry, it is important to understand the ecological and physiological controls over isoprene emission as part of the emerging integration of biosphere/atmosphere processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional studies within this range should be conducted with a high priority since many of the high ozone episodes reported for the southeastern United States occur during the hottest parts of the summer. Isoprene emission from urban forests in this region is known to play an important role in these events (Chameides et al 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and developmental controls over the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission from aspen leaves

et al. 1994

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emergence. Leaves that emerged in July and developed in hot, midsummer temperatures emitted isoprene within 6 days. Leaves that had emerged during the cool spring, and had grown for several weeks without emitting isoprene, could be induced to emit isoprene within 2 h of exposure to 32°C. Continued exposure to warm temperatures resulted in a progressive increase in the isoprene emission rate. Thus, temperature appears to be an important determinant of the early season induction of isoprene emission. The seasonal pattern of isoprene emission was examined in trees growing along an elevational gradient in the Colorado Front Range (1829-2896 m). Trees at different elevations exhibited staggered patterns of bud-break and initiation of photosynthesis and isoprene emission in concert with the staggered onset of warm, springtime temperatures. The springtime induction of isoprene emission could be predicted at each of the three sites as the time after bud break required for cumulative temperatures above 0°C to reach approximately 400 degree days. Seasonal temperature acclimation of isoprene emission rate and photosynthesis rate was not observed. The temperature dependence of isoprene emission rate between 20 and 35°C could be accurately predicted during spring and summer using a single algorithm that describes the Arrhenius relationship of enzyme activity. From these results, it is concluded that the early season pattern of isoprene emission is controlled by prevailing temperature and its interaction with developmental processes. The late-season pattern is determined by controls over leaf nitrogen concentration, especially the depletion of leaf nitrogen during senescence. Following early-season induction, isoprene emission rates correlate with photosynthesis rates. During the season there is little acclimation to temperature, so that seasonal modeling simplifies to a single temperature-response algorithm.

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“…The net result is that, in heavily vegetated regions, the emissions from biogenic and anthropogenic sources are equally important. Chameides et al (1988) showed that in Atlanta, biogenic emissions alone were sufficiently high to cause predicted levels of ozone above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards limit of 12pphin ozone.…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of surface characteristics in urban meteorology and air quality

Sailor

1993

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The Role of Biogenic Hydrocarbons in Urban Photochemical Smog: Atlanta as a Case Study

Cited by 934 publications

References 11 publications

Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

Environmental and developmental controls over the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission from aspen leaves

Role of surface characteristics in urban meteorology and air quality

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