Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

Potosnak, Mark J.; Baker, B.; LeStourgeon, L.; Disher, S. M.; Griffin, Kevin L.; Bret‐Harte, M. Syndonia; Starr, Gregory

doi:10.5194/bg-10-871-2013

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…However, some earlier measurements show abundant isoprene concentration over Alaskan boreal forests (Blake et al, ). Isoprene fluxes in tundra systems have also been measured in Greenland (Kramshoj et al, ; Lindwall et al, ; Schollert et al, ; Vedel‐Petersen et al, ), northern Sweden (Faubert et al, ; Tang et al, ), and the Alaskan North Slope (Potosnak et al, ). All of these measurements show a very strong positive temperature dependence of isoprene fluxes, likely due to the higher emission potentials for isoprenoids in tundra vegetation than in temperate species (Rinnan et al, ).…”

Section: Local Arctic Air Pollutant Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem

et al. 2018

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Air pollution in the Arctic caused by local emission sources is a challenge that is important but often overlooked. Local Arctic air pollution can be severe and significantly exceed air quality standards, impairing public health and affecting ecosystems. Specifically in the wintertime, pollution can accumulate under inversion layers. However, neither the contributing emission sources are well identified and quantified nor the relevant atmospheric mechanisms forming pollution are well understood. In the summer, boreal forest fires cause high levels of atmospheric pollution. Despite the often high exposure to air pollution, there are neither specific epidemiological nor toxicological health impact studies in the Arctic. Hence, effects on the local population are difficult to estimate at present. Socioeconomic development of the Arctic is already occurring and expected to be significant in the future. Arctic destination shipping is likely to increase with the development of natural resource extraction, and tourism might expand. Such development will not only lead to growth in the population living in the Arctic but will likely increase emission types and magnitudes. Present‐day inventories show a large spread in the amount and location of emissions representing a significant source of uncertainty in model predictions that often deviate significantly from observations. This is a challenge for modeling studies that aim to assess the impacts of within Arctic air pollution. Prognoses for the future are hence even more difficult, given the additional uncertainty of estimating emissions based on future Arctic economic development scenarios.

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Section: Local Arctic Air Pollutant Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem

et al. 2018

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“…In subarctic and Arctic regions, the rate of increase in air temperature is predicted to be as much as twice the global average (IPCC, ), and this highlights the importance of gaining knowledge about BVOCs emitted from plant communities in these regions. Northern ecosystems from subarctic/Arctic wetlands (Faubert, Tiiva, Rinnan, Räsänen, et al, ; Holst et al, ) to heath tundra (Faubert, Tiiva, Rinnan, Michelsen, et al, ; Potosnak et al, ; Schollert et al, ; Tiiva et al, ) have shown significant BVOC emissions. The field experiments mimicking warmer climate have shown a great potential of increase in BVOC emissions from these ecosystems in response to different time spans of moderate warming (Faubert, Tiiva, Rinnan, Michelsen, et al, ; Kramshøj et al, ; Lindwall, Schollert, et al, ; Lindwall, Svendsen, et al, ; Tiiva et al, ; Valolahti et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emission From Subarctic Heath Under Long‐Term Moderate Warming

et al. 2018

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Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from subarctic ecosystems have shown to increase drastically in response to a long‐term temperature increase of only 2°C. We assessed whether this increase takes place already after 3 years of warming and how the increase changes over time. To test this, we measured BVOC emissions and CO2 fluxes in a field experiment on a subarctic wet heath, where ecosystem plots were subjected to passive warming by open top chambers for 3 (OTC3) or 13 years (OTC13) or were kept as unmanipulated controls. Already after 3 years of moderate temperature increase of 1–2°C, warming increased the emissions of isoprene (five‐ to sixfold) and monoterpenes (three‐ to fourfold) from the subarctic heath. The several‐fold higher BVOC emissions in the warmed plots are likely a result of increased vegetation biomass and altered vegetation composition as a shift in the species coverage was observed already after 3 years of warming. Warming also increased gross ecosystem production and ecosystem respiration, but the increases were much lower than those for BVOCs. Our results demonstrate that the strong BVOC responses to warming already appeared after 3 years, and the BVOC and CO2 fluxes had acclimated to this warming after 3 years, showing no differences with another 10 years of warming. This finding has important implications for predicting CO2 and BVOC fluxes in subarctic ecosystems.

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“…1) under standard conditions. The crop and tundra PFTs are non-emitting for isoprene in this model although recently, isoprene emission has been observed from a tundra ecosystem (Potosnak et al, 2013). Deciduous, shrub and rainforest PFTs maintain the highest fraction of electrons available for isoprene synthesis (Table 1).…”

Section: Leaf Isoprene Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Photosynthesis-dependent isoprene emission from leaf to planet in a global carbon-chemistry-climate model

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We describe the implementation of a biochemical model of isoprene emission that depends on the electron requirement for isoprene synthesis into the FarquharBall-Berry leaf model of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance that is embedded within a global chemistry-climate simulation framework. The isoprene production is calculated as a function of electron transport-limited photosynthesis, intercellular and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and canopy temperature. The vegetation biophysics module computes the photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide coupled with the transpiration of water vapor and the isoprene emission rate at the 30 min physical integration time step of the global chemistry-climate model. In the model, the rate of carbon assimilation provides the dominant control on isoprene emission variability over canopy temperature. A control simulation representative of the present-day climatic state that uses 8 plant functional types (PFTs), prescribed phenology and generic PFT-specific isoprene emission potentials (fraction of electrons available for isoprene synthesis) reproduces 50 % of the variability across different ecosystems and seasons in a global database of 28 measured campaign-average fluxes. Compared to time-varying isoprene flux measurements at 9 select sites, the model authentically captures the observed variability in the 30 min Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 10244 N. Unger et al.: Photosynthesis-dependent isoprene emission from leaf to planet average diurnal cycle (R 2 = 64-96 %) and simulates the flux magnitude to within a factor of 2. The control run yields a global isoprene source strength of 451 TgC yr −1 that increases by 30 % in the artificial absence of plant water stress and by 55 % for potential natural vegetation.

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Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

Cited by 52 publications

References 126 publications

Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem

Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem

Acclimation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emission From Subarctic Heath Under Long‐Term Moderate Warming

Photosynthesis-dependent isoprene emission from leaf to planet in a global carbon-chemistry-climate model

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