The Role of Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration: History, Mechanisms, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder marked by compromised bone integrity, predisposing individuals, particularly older adults and postmenopausal women, to fractures. The advent of bioceramics for bone regeneration has opened up auspicious pathways for addressing osteoporosis. Research indicates that bioceramics can help bones grow back by activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin pathways in the body when combined with stem cells, drugs, and other supports. Still, bioceramics have some problems, such as not being flexible enough and prone to breaking, as well as difficulties in growing stem cells and discovering suitable supports for different bone types. While there have been improvements in making bioceramics better for healing bones, it is important to keep looking for new ideas from different areas of medicine to make them even better. By conducting a thorough scrutiny of the pivotal role bioceramics play in facilitating bone regeneration, this review aspires to propel forward the rapidly burgeoning domain of scientific exploration. In the end, this appreciation will contribute to the development of novel bioceramics that enhance bone regrowth and offer patients with bone disorders alternative treatments.

Endogenous Tissue Engineering for Chondral and Osteochondral Regeneration: Strategies and Mechanisms

“…125 The initial development of bioceramics aimed to serve as bone substitutes for implantation for its superior biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. 125,126 In recent years, through optimization of the material, processing methods, and physicochemical properties of bioceramics, the application of bioceramic scaffolds has expanded beyond bone regeneration to the integrated regeneration of OC tissue. 127 For endogenous OC tissue engineering, bioceramic scaffolds can be functionalized to regulate stem cell functions, thus promoting AC and bone regeneration.…”

“…Bioceramics can be synthesized from a range of materials, including alumina, zirconia, magnesia, carbon, silica-based compounds, calcium-based compounds, and various other chemicals . The initial development of bioceramics aimed to serve as bone substitutes for implantation for its superior biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. , In recent years, through optimization of the material, processing methods, and physicochemical properties of bioceramics, the application of bioceramic scaffolds has expanded beyond bone regeneration to the integrated regeneration of OC tissue . For endogenous OC tissue engineering, bioceramic scaffolds can be functionalized to regulate stem cell functions, thus promoting AC and bone regeneration .…”