The Role of Benzoic Acid Derivatives in Systemic Acquired Resistance

Uknes, Scott; Morris, Shericca; Vernooij, Bernard; Ryals, John

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1754-6_10

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Ciba-Geigy researchers reported 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and its ester derivative CGA 41397 as potent SAR-inducers in 1987. They also identified benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S -methyl ester (BTH), which has similar effects as INA, but was later found to be more suitable for applications in crop protection ( Metraux et al, 1990 ; Ward et al, 1991 ; Friedrich et al, 1996 ; Görlach et al, 1996 ; Lawton et al, 1996 ; Uknes et al, 1996 ). As INA and BTH mimic the defense-associated effects of SA, but are less phytotoxic and more efficient than this natural plant defense hormone, they have been abundantly used as defense triggers in basic and applied studies on plant immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic plant defense elicitors

2015

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To defend themselves against invading pathogens plants utilize a complex regulatory network that coordinates extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Although many of the key players of this immunity-associated network are known, the details of its topology and dynamics are still poorly understood. As an alternative to forward and reverse genetic studies, chemical genetics-related approaches based on bioactive small molecules have gained substantial popularity in the analysis of biological pathways and networks. Use of such molecular probes can allow researchers to access biological space that was previously inaccessible to genetic analyses due to gene redundancy or lethality of mutations. Synthetic elicitors are small drug-like molecules that induce plant defense responses, but are distinct from known natural elicitors of plant immunity. While the discovery of some synthetic elicitors had already been reported in the 1970s, recent breakthroughs in combinatorial chemical synthesis now allow for inexpensive high-throughput screens for bioactive plant defense-inducing compounds. Along with powerful reverse genetics tools and resources available for model plants and crop systems, comprehensive collections of new synthetic elicitors will likely allow plant scientists to study the intricacies of plant defense signaling pathways and networks in an unparalleled fashion. As synthetic elicitors can protect crops from diseases, without the need to be directly toxic for pathogenic organisms, they may also serve as promising alternatives to conventional biocidal pesticides, which often are harmful for the environment, farmers and consumers. Here we are discussing various types of synthetic elicitors that have been used for studies on the plant immune system, their modes-of-action as well as their application in crop protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic plant defense elicitors

2015

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Molecular Aspects of Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Rice-Blast System

Bhargava

Hamer

2001

Major Fungal Diseases of Rice

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Induced Resistance Responses in Maize

Morris¹,

Vernooij²,

Titatarn³

et al. 1998

MPMI

212

117

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a widely distributed plant defense system that confers broad-spectrum disease resistance and is accompanied by coordinate expression of the so-called SAR genes. This type of resistance and SAR gene expression can be mimicked with chemical inducers of resistance. Here, we report that chemical inducers of resistance are active in maize. Chemical induction increases resistance to downy mildew and activates expression of the maize PR-1 and PR-5 genes. These genes are also coordinately activated by pathogen infection and function as indicators of the defense reaction. Specifically, after pathogen infection, the PR-1 and PR-5 genes are induced more rapidly and more strongly in an incompatible than in a compatible interaction. In addition, we show that monocot lesion mimic plants also express these defense-related genes and that they have increased levels of salicylic acid after lesions develop, similar to pathogeninfected maize plants. The existence of chemically inducible disease resistance and PR-1 and PR-5 gene expression in maize indicates that maize is similar to dicots in many aspects of induced resistance. This reinforces the notion of an ancient plant-inducible defense pathway against pathogen attack that is shared between monocots and dicots.

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The Role of Benzoic Acid Derivatives in Systemic Acquired Resistance

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Synthetic plant defense elicitors

Synthetic plant defense elicitors

Molecular Aspects of Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Rice-Blast System

Induced Resistance Responses in Maize

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