The Role of Beetroot Extract in Overcoming Chemoresistance of Neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Regimen by Targeting Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironment: A Preclinical Study in Mammary Adenocarcinoma Rats

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine the role of beetroot extract in overcoming the chemoresistance of Neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide (NAC) regimens with a target immune response in the tumour microenvironment at the pre-clinical stage. Methods: This study was conducted on rats with 7,12-Dimethyl Benz (α) Anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary adenocarcinoma. Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide was given in 4 cycles, whereas beetroot extract was administered three times each cycle. Observations of CD8 T cells and Myeloid Derivative Suppressive Cells (MDSC) expression levels and pathological responses were carried out on tumour tissue taken at the end of the observation. Results: Supplementation of beetroot extract to NAC could significantly increase CD8 T cells and decrease MDSC in the tumour microenvironment. The addition of beetroot extract gave a better pathological response. Conclusion: Beetroot extract enhances the immune response in the tumor microenvironment so that it has the potential to overcome chemoresistance in NAC.

Phenotypic Analysis of Circulating Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Subpopulations in Egyptian Females with Breast Cancer: A Single-Centre Case-Control Study

“…Despite the fact that treatment alternatives have improved BC patients’ outcomes, many still develop metastatic disease, which is still challenging to cure [ 10 , 11 ]. One study provided scientific evidence about the benefits of beetroot extract when given with neoadjuvant regimen in cases of breast cancer which improved the pathological response of cancer cells by increasing the immune response in the tumor environment, especially increasing CD8 T cells and decreasing MDSC [ 12 ].…”