The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae

Abstract

Abstract. Hadi MS, Abadi AL, Himawan T, MAsruri, Lestari SR, Rahardjo BT, Aini LQ, Setiawan Y, Tarno H. 2021. The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae. Biodiversitas 22: 702-712. Several species in the order Lepidoptera act as plant pests, one of which is Plutella xylostella. Plutella xylostella is one of the most destructive pests of cabbage and other horticultural crops. The use of chemical insecticides as pest control for P. xylostella causes many problems, such as the increased pest resistance to pesticides. The objectives of this study are: (i) to obtain and characterize symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic and conventional agriculture soils; (ii) to evaluate the potential of bacterial symbionts in the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional soils in degrading the active ingredient of chlorpyrifos insecticide; (iii) To determine the biodegradation process of chlorpyrifos insecticide by symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella; and (iv) to identify the derivative compounds from the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos insecticide. The results showed 30 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic soil and 36 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from conventional farming soil. There are 15 species of symbiont bacteria in 5 genera from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional farming capable of degrading the chlorpyrifos insecticide. They are identified as Providencia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., and Aeromonas sp. Chlorpyrifos-derived compounds from the biodegradation of symbiont bacteria are less toxic than chlorpyrifos compounds.

Comparative study of the gut microbial community structure of Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera literal (Lepidoptera)

“…Enterococcus isolated from the gut of Brithys crini can effectively degrade plant terpenes and reduce their toxic effect on insects ( Vilanova et al., 2016 ). Enterococcus from Plutella xylostella can significantly enhance this moth’s resistance to chlorpyrifos insecticides ( Hadi et al., 2021 ). In the gut of S. litura , Enterococcus is metabolically active and can consume plant cellulose quickly, releasing glucose as an energy source for both the host insect and itself ( Devi et al., 2022 ).…”

Diversity of culturable gut bacteria of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) collected from different geographical regions of India

“…Although the insects may be associated with a variety of microbials yet the associations with bacteria are the most spread and common [22,23]. A high degree of gut bacteria has been reported in different species of insects from different parts of the world [11,16,17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Gut bacterial diversity has been reported in different leafhopper population which clearly shows its dependence on the geographical locations, suggesting that environment in uences the diversity of the gut bacterial communities [11].…”

“…Routine application of insecticides increases type, number, and diversity of symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella [16,17]. These symbiont bacteria help in producing enzymes (such as carboxylesterase and esterase) that degrade the active compounds of insecticides [30,32,33] thus contribute to insecticide resistance [14,30].…”

EKSPLORASI KHAMIR SIMBION PADA SALURAN PENCERNAAN LARVA Oryctes rhinoceros L.

“…Serangga merupakan organisme yang memiliki keanekaragaman spesies tertinggi dan dominan di muka bumi. Dalam kehidupannya, serangga dilaporkan juga berasosiasi dengan mikroorganisme, baik bakteri, jamur, maupun protista (Hadi et al, 2021;Tarno et al, 2016). Mikrobiota serangga sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan normal, hal ini telah ditunjukkan bahwa sekitar 65% serangga memiliki bakteri simbiotik.…”

“…Mikroorganismemikroorganisme tersebut dapat digunakan untuk biokonversi biomassa tumbuhan dalam proses pembuatan biofuel karena memproduki enzim selulase, hemiselulase dan xylanase (Bashir et al, 2013). Di samping itu, mikroorganisme saluran pencernaan serangga diketahui mampu mendegradasi senyawa pestisida, sehingga dapat diaplikasikan sebagai agens bioremediator untuk mengatasi permasalahan pencemaran lingkungan (Hadi et al, 2021). Namun demikian, kebanyakan studi mengenai keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan mikroorganisme saluran pencernaan serangga masih berfokus pada kelompok bakteri.…”