The role of backyard poultry flocks in the epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N7) in the Netherlands in 2003

Bavinck, V.; Bouma, A.; Boven, Michiel van; Bos, Marian E. H.; Stassen, E.N.; Stegeman, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.10.007

Cited by 79 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Bavinck et al (2009) showed that raising of multiple species in backyard poultry and living in close proximity to infected commercial farm premises increases the risk of infection. Backyard poultry have also been found to be an important source of spread and persistence of HPAI H5N1 in South East Asia (Tiensin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of risk factors associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection in poultry farms, in Nigeria during the epidemic of 2006–2007

Fasina

Rivas

Bisschop

et al. 2011

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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a b s t r a c tWe conducted a matched case-control study to evaluate risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in poultry farms during the epidemic of 2006-2007 in Nigeria. Epidemiologic data were collected through the use of a questionnaire from 32 case farms and 83 control farms. The frequency of investigated exposure factors was compared between case and control farms by using conditional logistic regression analysis. In the multivariable analysis, the variables for (i) receiving visitors on farm premises (odds ratio [OR] = 8.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87, 36.97; P < 0.01), (ii) purchased live poultry/products (OR = 11.91; 95% CI = 3.11-45.59; P < 0.01), and (iii) farm workers live outside the premises (OR = 8.98; 95% CI = 1.97, 40.77; P < 0.01) were identified as risk factors for HPAI in poultry farms. Improving farm hygiene and biosecurity should help reduce the risk for influenza (H5N1) infection in poultry farms in Nigeria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of risk factors associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection in poultry farms, in Nigeria during the epidemic of 2006–2007

Fasina

Rivas

Bisschop

et al. 2011

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…One could argue the fact that infected poultry flocks produce massive amounts of virus, which supports the view that infection in wild birds is mostly seeded from poultry. A study carried out by Bavinck et al (29) suggested that small backyard flocks did not contribute to the spread of subtype H7N7 infection in the Netherlands during 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pigeons were found to be less susceptible to severe neurologic signs and death from HPAI (H5N1) infection (24). Infected pigeons appeared to shed low amounts of virus, thereby limiting virus transmission to sentinel birds (23–29). Our data showed a relatively high prevalence of HPAI (H5N1) in herons and storks (commonly known as scavengers and hunters of juvenile aquatic birds), which suggests that these birds are predominantly infected by contact with infected poultry flocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Birds and Increased Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) among Poultry, Thailand

Keawcharoen¹,

Broek²,

Bouma³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…They are convinced that their animals are not the cause of disease outbreaks, and do not contribute to a further spread of the disease. A recent study on the avian influenza virus in The Netherlands in 2003 substantiates their conviction (Bavinck et al 2009). They even may claim that these commercial keepers and their focus on trade and export are a risk to their idea of the good life and their way of caring for their animals.…”

Section: The Harm Principle As a Problematic Justification Of Animal mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, it cannot be the only tool, because of the above-mentioned silence on how to evaluate and weigh different types and amounts of harm. For instance, in their study on the avian influenza virus in The Netherlands in 2003, Bavinck et al (2009) conclude that ''the probability of infection is much smaller for hobby flocks than for commercial farms,'' but at the same time that ''as birds are kept outdoors, backyard flocks may be more at risk for introductions of AI strains (…).'' They argue that this can be explained, because ''the probability of infection is most likely determined by a complex combination of determinants as the number of animals, the type of species or breeds present, the number and type of contacts between flocks, and the sanitary measures that are put in place.''…”

Section: Risks Conflicts and The Silence Of The Harm Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Prevention of Harm: Animal Disease Policy as a Moral Question

Meijboom

Cohen

Stassen

et al. 2009

J Agric Environ Ethics

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European animal disease policy seems to find its justification in a ''harm to other'' principle. Limiting the freedom of animal keepers-e.g., by culling their animals-is justified by the aim to prevent harm, i.e., the spreading of the disease. The picture, however, is more complicated. Both during the control of outbreaks and in the prevention of notifiable, animal diseases the government is confronted with conflicting claims of stakeholders who anticipate running a risk to be harmed by each other, and who ask for government intervention. In this paper, we first argue that in a policy that aims to prevent animal diseases, the focus shifts from limiting ''harm'' to weighing conflicting claims with respect to ''risks of harm.'' Therefore, we claim that the harm principle is no longer a sufficient justification for governmental intervention in animal disease prevention. A policy that has to deal with and distribute conflicting risks of harm needs additional value assumptions that guide this process of assessment and distribution. We show that currently, policies are based on assumptions that are mainly economic considerations. In order to show the limitations of these considerations, we use the interests and position of keepers of backyard animals as an example. Based on the problems they faced during and after the recent outbreaks, we defend the thesis that in order to develop a sustainable animal disease policy other than economic assumptions need to be taken into account.

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The role of backyard poultry flocks in the epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N7) in the Netherlands in 2003

Cited by 79 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of risk factors associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection in poultry farms, in Nigeria during the epidemic of 2006–2007

Identification of risk factors associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection in poultry farms, in Nigeria during the epidemic of 2006–2007

Wild Birds and Increased Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) among Poultry, Thailand

Beyond the Prevention of Harm: Animal Disease Policy as a Moral Question

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