The Role of B Regulatory Cells and Semaphorin3A in Atopic Diseases

Abstract

When the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis is discussed, one should take into consideration the involvement of regulatory cells/molecules whose role is to prevent the induction and/or deterioration of such diseases. The involvement of T regulatory cells and FoxPp3 is well established in asthma, but only little is known about the involvement of B regulatory cells (Bregs) and the soluble regulatory molecule semaphorin3A (sema3A) in atopic diseases. During the last decade, research has sought to better define the various subtypes of Breg cells and how similar they are to their parallel subtypes of Tregs. In this review, we focus on the newly reported role of Bregs in both experimental and human models of asthma. Bregs are also involved in the pathophysiology of food allergy. We also show how sema3A plays a role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Determining the above processes could facilitate the use of regulatory molecules as therapeutic tools in treating these diseases.

Regulatory IgDhi B Cells Suppress T Cell Function via IL-10 and PD-L1 during Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis

“…We targeted known transcription factor or regulatory effector molecule transcripts to determine expression in peripheral blood from endemic control, asymptomatic and symptomatic L. infantum -infected dogs. We selected genes associated with regulatory B cells (38, 39), immune exhaustion (2, 40, 41), B cell associated/regulatory transcription factors (17, 23, 42). Regulatory B cell marker stim2 was decreased compared to IgD lo B cell controls (Supplemental Fig.…”

MicroRNA-98 interferes with thrombospondin 1 expression in peripheral B cells of patients with asthma

“…TSP1 + B cells play an important role in the maintenance of the homeostasis in the body [ 2 , 3 ]. Published data indicate that the reduced number or the functional compromise of TSP1 + cell is associated with a number of immune disorders, such as allergic asthma [ 4 ], food allergy [ 5 ], and some other atopic diseases [ 6 ]. Factors or mechanisms leading to TSP1 + cell dysfunction are not fully understood yet.…”

The connection between seasonal allergies, food allergies, and rhinosinusitis

“…A recent analysis by Stelmaszczyk-Emmel et al ] found significantly fewer T-regs (as a percentage of all CD4þ cells) in children with atopic dermatitis and/or food allergy when compared with healthy controls, as well as a significant negative correlation between serum IgE levels and T-regs. Moreover, coculture of B-regs with T-regs enhanced T-reg properties via FoxP3 upregulation [20]. However, they also found significantly higher FoxP3 expression, a transcription factor responsible for maturation of T-regs in the thymus and maintenance of their immunosuppressive function, in allergic individuals when compared with healthy controls.…”

“…Recent research has also been investigating the role of regulatory T cells (T-regs) and B cells (B-regs), both of which are high in nonallergic individuals, in the pathogenesis of allergic disease [20]. A recent analysis by Stelmaszczyk-Emmel et al ] found significantly fewer T-regs (as a percentage of all CD4þ cells) in children with atopic dermatitis and/or food allergy when compared with healthy controls, as well as a significant negative correlation between serum IgE levels and T-regs.…”