The Role of Axial Loading in Malleolar Fractures

Funk, James R.; Tourret, Lisa J.; George, Susan E.; Crandall, Jeff R.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-0155

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Boundary conditions for these simulations were derived from experimental data. Simulations have been conducted at 5 m/s (Funk et al, 2000), 10 m/s (Mckay, 2010), and 12 m/s (Mckay, 2010) and compared to those experimental results. These high rate simulations are critical because understanding UBB incidents and injury thresholds requires modelling at rates in excess of 8 m/s (Christopher, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first phase of this research sought to validate the lower leg model against the experiments of Funk et al (2000). These simulations were conducted at a loading rate of 5 m/s, which is slower than a typical UBB (Mckay, 2010), and therefore here considered 'low rate'.…”

Section: 'Low Rate' Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research presented here seeks to expand upon existing modelling by studying the response of the anatomical model at a variety of loading rates including 5 m/s (Funk et al, 2000) and 10 and 12 m/s (Mckay, 2010). These high rate simulations are critical because understanding UBB incidents and injury thresholds requires modelling at rates in excess of 8 m/s (Christopher, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though different in application, this work still represents an important basis in progressing human models. A lower leg model for automotive impact (Untaroiu and Shin, 2013) was validated against 5 m/s experimental data by Funk et al (2000), providing an example standard of quality for validating a new model. The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC), sponsored by seven auto manufacturers, has developed a geometrically accurate full body model of a mid-size male validated against a variety of automotive impact type tests (Gayzik et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the lower extremity, a variety of impact data exists. Axial loading may be delivered to the leg via a vertical drop test (Henderson et al, 2013) or a piston and pendulum set up which transfers loading to a plate in contact with the foot (Funk et al, 2000;Mckay, 2010). A review of eight axial loading experiments shows loading rates between 2 and 12.5 m/s with each experiment testing on 9 to 26 cadaver legs each.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading

Fielding

Kraft

Przekwas

et al. 2015

IJECB

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Abstract:In recent military conflicts, the incidence of underbody blasts has led to severe injuries, specifically in the lower extremities. The development of a lower extremity model may lead to a better understanding of injury patterns and mechanisms. A computational finite element model of the lower extremity was developed based on geometry made available in an anatomical repository. The portion of the extremity model below the knee was used in initial comparisons between simulations and experimental data. Impact was applied via a loading plate with a vertical velocity of 5 m/s, 10 m/s, and 12 m/s. Resultant axial force was compared to experimental data. Results of these simulations fall within the range of available experimental data, which gives confidence that this model represents advancement in lower extremity modelling capabilities. Bone fracture has also been modelled and shows consistency with injuries typical of underbody blast scenarios.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 'Low Rate' Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading

Fielding

Kraft

Przekwas

et al. 2015

IJECB

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Modeling Skeletal Injuries in Military Scenarios

Kraft

Fielding

Lister

et al. 2016

Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials

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Survival Model for Foot and Leg High Rate Axial Impact Injury Data

Bailey

McMurry

Poplin

et al. 2015

Traffic Injury Prevention

Self Cite

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This study provides better injury prediction capabilities for both automotive and blast rates because of reduced sensitivity to inertial effects and tibia-fibula load sharing. Further, a framework is provided for future injury criteria generation for high rate loading scenarios. This analysis also suggests key improvements to be made to existing anthropomorphic test device (ATD) lower extremities to provide accurate injury prediction for high rate applications such as UBB.

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The Role of Axial Loading in Malleolar Fractures

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading

Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading

Modeling Skeletal Injuries in Military Scenarios

Survival Model for Foot and Leg High Rate Axial Impact Injury Data

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