The role of autonomic and baroreceptor reflex control in blood pressure dipping and nondipping in rats

Kuo, Terry B.J.; Chen, Chun Yu; Wang, Yi Ping; Lan, Yi Yun; Mak, Kai Ho; Lee, Guo She; Yang, Cheryl C.H.

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000099

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Individuals who do not exhibit this blood pressure dipping pattern are called "non-dippers" and are at higher risk for developing kidney and cardiovascular diseases (46). Blood pressure has also been shown to drop Ն10% in rats during their dormant phase (i.e., daytime) (26). We found that MAP did not drop by Ն10% in either SS or SR rats during their dormant phase, regardless of whether or not their (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Salt-sensitive (Rapp) rats from Envigo spontaneously develop accelerated hypertension independent of ovariectomy on a low-sodium diet

Pai

West

Souza

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Inbred salt-sensitive (SS) rats developed by John Rapp and distributed by Harlan (SS/JrHsd) were shown to model ovariectomy-induced hypertension since on a low sodium (LS) diet, ovariectomized SS (SS-OVX) animals became hypertensive in contrast to their sham-operated (SS-SHAM) normotensive littermates. After Harlan merged with Envigo in 2015, inconsistencies in the LS normotensive phenotype were reported. To further investigate these inconsistencies, we studied the effects of ovariectomy on SS and salt-resistant (SR) rats purchased from Envigo (SS/JrHsd/Env) between 2015-2017. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in SS rats on a LS diet exceeded 160 mmHg at 7 months old (mo). Ovariectomy at 3mo had no detectable effect on MAP from 4-7mo nor did ovariectomy at 1.5mo significantly affect MAP at 10mo [MAP (mmHg): SR-SHAM (n=7), 102±3; SR-OVX (n=6), 114±1; *SS-SHAM (n=7), 177±6; *SS-OVX (n=5), 190±12; *p<0.0001 vs. SR, same ovarian-status]. Whole genome sequencing revealed more genomic variants of SS/JrHsd/Env including single nucleotide and insertion deletion polymorphisms and higher heterozygous/homozygous ratios compared to the reference genome than for SS/JrHsd/Mcwi and SS/Jr rats, maintained in Milwaukee, WI and Toledo, OH, respectively, and which still exhibit normal blood pressure on a LS diet. These findings demonstrate the female SS/JrHsd/Env rat has genetically diverged from the original phenotype which was normotensive on a LS diet when the ovaries were intact but which rapidly developed hypertension when the ovaries were removed. Nonetheless, the SS/JrHsd/Env rat could be a valuable model that complements other animal models of spontaneous hypertension used to investigate mechanisms of essential hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Salt-sensitive (Rapp) rats from Envigo spontaneously develop accelerated hypertension independent of ovariectomy on a low-sodium diet

Pai

West

Souza

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Autonomic system dysfunction, abnormal neurohormonal regulation, and inflammatory activation are implicated in this perspective . Clinical and experimental studies that investigated the autonomic nervous system dysfunction in AH could provide possible explanations for the observed endothelial dysfunction in nondippers. Sympathetic nervous system alterations, with enhanced sympathetic hyperactivation and consequent increase of vasoconstrictors, observed mainly in nondippers, might explain the endothelial dysfunction that was observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle microcirculation alterations and relation to dipping status in newly diagnosed untreated patients with arterial hypertension—A pilot study

et al. 2017

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“…Although the baroreceptor reflex is qualitatively the same across experimental preparations, it is also recognized that the dynamic properties of the response are altered by anesthetics and decerebration (Seagard et al, 1982 , 1983 ; Abdel-Rahman et al, 1987 ; Stornetta et al, 1987 ; Matsukawa and Ninomiya, 1989 ; Suzuki et al, 1993 ; Farber et al, 1995 ; Muzi and Ebert, 1995 ; Ebert et al, 1998 ; Katsuda et al, 2000 ; Lee et al, 2004 ). The baroreceptor reflex is also affected by transitions in sleep/wake and behavioral states and following stress (Stephenson et al, 1981 ; Coote, 1982 ; Conway et al, 1985 ; Del Bo et al, 1985 ; Knuepfer et al, 1986 ; Kasting et al, 1987 ; Mion and Krieger, 1988 ; Sei et al, 1994 ; Vaile et al, 1996 ; Sei and Morita, 1999 ; Zoccoli et al, 2001 ; Kanbar et al, 2007 ; Grippo et al, 2008 ; Julien, 2008 ; Cortelli et al, 2012 ; Almeida et al, 2014 ; Kuo et al, 2014 ). The latter findings highlight an influence of supratentorial brain regions on the brainstem circuitry that regulates SNA and blood pressure.…”

Section: Contributions Of the Midbrain Diencephalon And Telencephalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Neural Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Status Report and Directions for Future Research

Barman

Yates

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) contributes appreciably to the control of physiological function, such that pathological alterations in SNA can lead to a variety of diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss the characteristics of SNA, briefly review the methodology that has been used to assess SNA and its control, and to describe the essential role of neurophysiological studies in conscious animals to provide additional insights into the regulation of SNA. Studies in both humans and animals have shown that SNA is rhythmic or organized into bursts whose frequency varies depending on experimental conditions and the species. These rhythms are generated by brainstem neurons, and conveyed to sympathetic preganglionic neurons through several pathways, including those emanating from the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Although rhythmic SNA is present in decerebrate animals (indicating that neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord are adequate to generate this activity), there is considerable evidence that a variety of supratentorial structures including the insular and prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and hypothalamic subnuclei provide inputs to the brainstem regions that regulate SNA. It is also known that the characteristics of SNA are altered during stress and particular behaviors such as the defense response and exercise. While it is a certainty that supratentorial structures contribute to changes in SNA during these behaviors, the neural underpinnings of the responses are yet to be established. Understanding how SNA is modified during affective responses and particular behaviors will require neurophysiological studies in awake, behaving animals, including those that entail recording activity from neurons that generate SNA. Recent studies have shown that responses of neurons in the central nervous system to most sensory inputs are context-specific. Future neurophysiological studies in conscious animals should also ascertain whether this general rule also applies to sensory signals that modify SNA.

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The role of autonomic and baroreceptor reflex control in blood pressure dipping and nondipping in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Salt-sensitive (Rapp) rats from Envigo spontaneously develop accelerated hypertension independent of ovariectomy on a low-sodium diet

Salt-sensitive (Rapp) rats from Envigo spontaneously develop accelerated hypertension independent of ovariectomy on a low-sodium diet

Muscle microcirculation alterations and relation to dipping status in newly diagnosed untreated patients with arterial hypertension—A pilot study

Deciphering the Neural Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Status Report and Directions for Future Research

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