The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in zinc uptake by red clover growing in a calcareous soil spiked with various quantities of zinc

Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhanced arsenic resistance of both white clover (Trifolium repens Linn.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants in an arsenic-contaminated soil

“…Li et al, 1991;Chen et al, 2003). Thus, we chose white clover plants to compete with the demonstrated rare positively responding ryegrass plants.…”

Effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and metal uptake by four plant species in copper mine tailings

“…The effects of AMF on plant uptake of heavy metals, such as Zn and Cd have been studied extensively in recent years (Joner and Leyval, 1997;Zhu et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2003), and it is generally accepted that under high metal concentrations in the soil, AMF may protect the host plants against metal toxicity (Leyval et al, 2002). The protection may largely be mediated by metal sequestration by Open bars, non-inoculated controls; solid bars, inoculated with G. mosseae.…”

Uptake of cadmium from an experimentally contaminated calcareous soil by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize ( Zea mays L.)

“…Mycorrhizas have recently been reported in plants growing on heavy metal-contaminated sites (Shetty et al 1995;Weissenhorn and Leyval 1995;Pawlowska et al 1996;Chaudhry et al 1999), and metal-tolerant fungal strains have been isolated (Griffioen 1994;Weissenhorn et al 1993Weissenhorn et al , 1994Hildebrandt et al 1999). Alleviation of heavy metal phytotoxicity by arbuscular mycorrhiza has been indicated in several studies (Schüepp et al 1987;Heggo et al 1990;Zhu et al 2001;Chen et al 2003). The AM fungi may act indirectly, for example by enhancing plant P nutrition and increasing plant growth with a resulting dilution effect of the metal in the host plant, or directly by binding of the metal to the fungal mycelium and immobilization in the rhizosphere or the roots (Galli et al 1994;Joner et al 2000;Chen et al 2001).…”