Effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and metal uptake by four plant species in copper mine tailings

Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhanced arsenic resistance of both white clover (Trifolium repens Linn.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants in an arsenic-contaminated soil

“…As demonstrated by previous studies, ryegrass usually shows no or small positive responses to AM inoculation in terms of plant growth and nutrient uptake, due to the fact that this plant species has an extensive root system (Fitter, 1977;Hall et al, 1984;Chen et al, 2007b). However, and very interestingly, in the present study we found that under As contamination, the growth of both clover and ryegrass plants largely depended on AM symbiosis.…”

“…Previous investigations have shown that higher plants that are adapted to As-polluted soils are generally associated with mycorrhizal fungi (Meharg and Cairney, 1999;Sharples et al, 2000a,b;Gonzalez-Chavez et al, 2002). Recently, it has also been demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations can protect host plants under As contamination, even for the As-tolerant plant species, such as Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) (Liu et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2007b). Moreover, it is well known that AM symbioses have major influences on plant coexistence and plant community diversity (Zobel et al, 1997;O'Connor et al, 2002).…”

Chromium immobilization by extra- and intraradical fungal structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses

“…AMF provides host plants with mineral nutrients (such as phosphorus) and in return receive carbohydrates from plants. AMF can also enhance plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought [5], salinity [6], pathogen infection [7], and heavy metal contamination [8][9][10][11], etc. It has been documented that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis also takes an active part in relieving plant Cr toxicity [12,13].…”

Transformation and Immobilization of Chromium by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Revealed by SEM–EDS, TEM–EDS, and XAFS

“…7−9 Additionally, AMF can stabilize soil structure, 10 relieve drought stress on plants, 11 protect host plants from pathogens, 12 and even take an active part in maintaining plant biodiversity and ecosystem stability. 13 Many studies have also demonstrated that AM symbiosis plays an important role in plant resistance to contamination by heavy metals 14,15 such as As, 16 Cd, 17 Cu, 18 Zn, 19 Pb, 20 Cr, 21 etc. Our recent work has shown that AM symbiosis can greatly enhance plant Cr tolerance, especially at high levels of Cr(VI) contamination.…”