The Role of Anxiety in Smoking Onset, Severity, and Cessation-Related Outcomes: a Review of Recent Literature

Garey, Lorra; Olofsson, Hannah; Garza, Tatyana; Shepherd, Justin M.; Smit, Tanya; Zvolensky, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01160-5

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Nicotine's psychoactive effects, which are associated with mood modulation and the reduction of stress, make it increasingly difficult for individuals to quit smoking despite it being deleterious to their health 37 . Consistent with previous studies 38 , this study showed that anxiety is linked to nicotine dependence. Specifically, we found that smokers in the CIL group with higher nicotine dependence (FTND scores) had higher anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 scores); likewise, we found this association among those who indicated having respiratory disease, chronic pain, and other forms of disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with smoking in low-income persons with and without chronic illness

Cano¹,

Pennington²,

Reyes³

et al. 2021

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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experience multiple medical, psychological, and social needs and often seek care from safety-net hospitals and clinics which are woefully under-resourced to address these concerns 3,4 . Smokers belonging to disadvantaged groups have higher rates of tobacco use, are less likely to make a quit attempt and are ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Tobacco disparities persist among low-income smokers who seek care from safety-net clinics. Many of these patients suffer from chronic illnesses (CILs) that are associated with and exacerbated by smoking. The objective of the current study was to examine the differences between safety-net patients with and without CILs in terms of nicotine dependence and related factors (such as depression, anxiety) and self-efficacy regarding ability to abstain from smoking. METHODS Sixty-four low-income smokers who thought about or intended to quit smoking were recruited from the San Francisco Health Network (SFHN) and assessed for CILs, nicotine dependence, depression, anxiety, and smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Four one-way analyses of variance were used to examine the difference between those with and without CIL on the latter four variables. RESULTS The CIL group had significantly higher anxiety (CIL: 8.0 ± 5.35; non-CIL: 4.44 ± 3.48; p=0.02) and tended to have higher nicotine dependence (CIL: 5.40 ± 2.58; non-CIL: 3.88 ± 2.28; p=0.04). In the CIL group, nicotine dependence was positively correlated with anxiety [r(62)=0.39; p<0.01] and negatively correlated with smoking abstinence self-efficacy [r(62)= -0.38; p<0.01]. Both depression (Spearman's rho=0.39; p<0.01) and anxiety (Spearman's rho=0.29; p<0.05) were associated with total number of CIL categories. CONCLUSIONS Safety-net patients who smoke and suffer from CILs may be suffering from higher levels of anxiety and have less confidence in their ability to quit smoking. Incorporating mood management and developing interventions that increase a sense of self-efficacy for refraining from smoking may be necessary to help low-income smokers quit smoking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with smoking in low-income persons with and without chronic illness

Cano¹,

Pennington²,

Reyes³

et al. 2021

Tob. Induc. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many personality traits are predictors of vulnerability to addiction ( 1 ). For example, individuals with symptoms of anxiety are more likely to be smokers ( 2 , 3 ), and novelty seeking is positively correlated with both smoking onset ( 4 ) and cocaine abuse ( 5 ). In addition, the social environment plays a critical role in the development and treatment of addiction ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study on Three Behaviors Tested in an Open Field in Heterogeneous Stock Rats Identifies Multiple Loci Implicated in Psychiatric Disorders

et al. 2022

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Many personality traits are influenced by genetic factors. Rodents models provide an efficient system for analyzing genetic contribution to these traits. Using 1,246 adolescent heterogeneous stock (HS) male and female rats, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of behaviors measured in an open field, including locomotion, novel object interaction, and social interaction. We identified 30 genome-wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTL). Using multiple criteria, including the presence of high impact genomic variants and co-localization of cis-eQTL, we identified 17 candidate genes (Adarb2, Ankrd26, Cacna1c, Cacng4, Clock, Ctu2, Cyp26b1, Dnah9, Gda, Grxcr1, Eva1a, Fam114a1, Kcnj9, Mlf2, Rab27b, Sec11a, and Ube2h) for these traits. Many of these genes have been implicated by human GWAS of various psychiatric or drug abuse related traits. In addition, there are other candidate genes that likely represent novel findings that can be the catalyst for future molecular and genetic insights into human psychiatric diseases. Together, these findings provide strong support for the use of the HS population to study psychiatric disorders.

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“…Mental disorders have consistently been associated with substance use – in particular cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks. Compared to the general population, individuals diagnosed with a mental disorder – or subclinical symptoms – are more likely to smoke (Garey et al, 2020 ), drink alcohol excessively (Stephen Rich & Martin, 2014 ), and use cannabis (Satre, Bahorik, Zaman, & Ramo, 2018 ). For caffeine, there are conflicting findings with high(er) consumption being associated with a lower odds of depression (Grosso, Micek, Castellano, Pajak, & Galvano, 2016 ) but a higher odds of schizophrenia (Williams & Gandhi, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Poor mental health has consistently been associated with substance use (smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks). To properly inform public health policy it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, and most importantly, whether or not they are causal. Methods In this pre-registered systematic review, we assessed the evidence for causal relationships between mental health and substance use from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, following PRISMA. We rated the quality of included studies using a scoring system that incorporates important indices of quality, such as the quality of phenotype measurement, instrument strength, and use of sensitivity methods. Results Sixty-three studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The final quality rating was ‘−’ for 16 studies, ‘– +’ for 37 studies, and ‘+’for 10 studies. There was robust evidence that higher educational attainment decreases smoking and that there is a bi-directional, increasing relationship between smoking and (symptoms of) mental disorders. Another robust finding was that higher educational attainment increases alcohol use frequency, but decreases binge-drinking and alcohol use problems, and that mental disorders causally lead to more alcohol drinking without evidence for the reverse. Conclusions The current MR literature increases our understanding of the relationship between mental health and substance use. Bi-directional causal relationships are indicated, especially for smoking, providing further incentive to strengthen public health efforts to decrease substance use. Future MR studies should make use of large(r) samples in combination with detailed phenotypes, a wide range of sensitivity methods, and triangulate with other research methods.

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The Role of Anxiety in Smoking Onset, Severity, and Cessation-Related Outcomes: a Review of Recent Literature

Cited by 32 publications

References 102 publications

Factors associated with smoking in low-income persons with and without chronic illness

Factors associated with smoking in low-income persons with and without chronic illness

Genome-Wide Association Study on Three Behaviors Tested in an Open Field in Heterogeneous Stock Rats Identifies Multiple Loci Implicated in Psychiatric Disorders

Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

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