The role of acute phase cytokines in the recovery and disease progress of Theileria annulata-infected cattle

El-Sebaei, Mahmoud; El-Ashker, Maged; El‐Boshy, Mohamed

doi:10.1007/s00580-013-1812-7

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some studies have shown a remarkable elevation in the levels of IL-1 β , IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines in T. annulata -infected cattle (El-Sebaei, El-Ashker & El-Boshy 2014; Razavi et al 2010; Nazifi et al 2010) and T. lestoquard -infected sheep (Razavi et al 2015) in farm conditions. Despite the high correlation observed between IL-6 levels with TNF-α and INF-γ levels during the course of disease, only IL-6 was significantly increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis

Razmi

Yaghfoori

Mohri

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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Malignant ovine theileriosis is caused by Theileria lestoquardi , which is highly pathogenic in sheep. Theileriosis involves different organs in ruminants. Little is known about the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of T. lestoquardi infection. The aim of this study was to measure concentration changes of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin G (IgG) during an ovine experimental theileriosis and correlate it with clinical and haematological parameters. During an experimental study, seven healthy Baluchi sheep (four females and three males) about 6–8 months old were infected with T. lestoquardi by feeding of infected unfed ticks on the sheep’s ears. The infected sheep were clinically examined during the study and blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17 and 21. The haematological parameters were analysed by an automatic veterinary haematology cell counter and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All infected sheep had temperatures above 40 °C on days 3–4 post infection (PI). The maximum temperature was noted on day 7, and it remained high until day 21. The parasitaemia of T. lestoquardi infection increased from 0.01% (day 7 PI) to 3.3% (day 21 PI). The mean white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet values slightly increased on day 2 PI and decreased by day 17 and day 21 PI. The percentage parasitaemia and fever had a negative correlation with the numbers of WBCs, RBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets. The serum concentration of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines increased and peaked on day 12 and thereafter decreased to levels lower than 0. Out of all tested cytokines, the concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher, as early as day 2 PI. No significant changes were observed for the IgG levels during the course of disease. A significant and strong correlation was observed between IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ values and a moderate correlation between IL-6 and the numbers of lymphocytes in the present study. A strong correlation was determined between the percentage parasitaemia and haematological parameters in T. lestoquardi -infected sheep. In addition, preliminary results indicate that the measurement of the serum concentrations of IL-6 in combination with haematological parameters could be considered a good marker to estimate the pathogenicity of T. lestoquardi strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis

Razmi

Yaghfoori

Mohri

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…The circulating cytokines stimulate the release of acute phase proteins (APPs) from the liver; these play an important role in the innate immune response (Eckersall 2000). Although the precise role of APPs is not well established, their blood levels may be correlated with the severity of inflammation or infection and therefore could serve as helpful biochemical indicators of the inflammatory response (El- El-Sebaei et al 2014). The exact type of APPs and the time course of their release are variable among different species depending on the causative agent and the underlying inflammatory process (Feldman et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

El-Ashker¹,

Salama²,

El-Sebaei³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of selected inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in predicting the clinical outcome of cattle infected with Anaplasma (A). marginale. The study population consisted of 39 cattle naturally infected with A. marginale. The presumptive diagnosis of this infection was initially achieved on the basis of case history, microscopy and clinical examination findings, and confirmed using A. marginale-specific PCR assays. The diseased cattle were categorised according to the clinical outcome into survivors (n = 26) and non-survivors (n = 13). For comparison, ten clinically healthy cattle were randomly selected and served as controls. Blood was drawn from all examined animals to measure the respective levels of selected cytokines, acute phase proteins, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels. We found that the clinical examination alone was not conclusive and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods. Nonetheless, the non-surviving animals showed anorexia, frequent coughing, dyspnoea, bloody faeces, recumbency, pale or icteric mucous membranes, and haemoglobinuria. Biochemically, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, malondialdehye, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were significantly higher in diseased cattle compared with controls, and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). In contrast, reduced glutathione (G-SH) was significantly lower in non-surviving cattle than survivors and controls. Interestingly, a significant correlation was found between parasitaemia of the diseased cattle and most of the measured biochemical variables, with IL-1β and G-SH showing the highest correlation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that A. marginale infection is associated with marked inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, which are higher in non-surviving cattle compared with survivors. The overall degree of cytokine and anti-oxidative disruption may have an important prognostic value for the disease outcome.

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“…In many diseases, a balance between pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines has been reported to be an important marker of infection and disease outcomes. The balance in these cytokine levels has been demonstrated in infectious [ 35 ] and non-infectious diseases [ 36 ], and their activities are highly dependent upon their serum concentration and duration of expression [ 23 ]. The present study showed that A. marginale, T. orientalis, T. evansi, A. platys and T. sinensis infected cattle had increased level of serum IL-12 and IFN-γ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under physiological processes, there is a balance in the cellular ROS generation and activity of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymes, and other redox molecules. However, a disturbance in the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium, seen in blood parasite infections (e.g., theileriosis) can initiate lipid peroxidation which in turn leads to free radical chain reaction that causes cell injury and death [ 23 ]. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species mediated injury [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) is used as a marker of lipid peroxidation, an indicator of oxidative stress and it is derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids oxygenation [ 27 ]. To date, only very few available literatures on the alterations in cytokine profile and oxidant/antioxidant levels following natural blood parasite infection in cattle [ 6 , 23 , 24 ]. Therefore, this present study compares the serum concentrations of proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokines, proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios, oxidant (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; glutathione peroxidase) from symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle with blood parasite infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor to Interleukin 10 Ratio and Marked Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Predominate in Symptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis and Trypanosoma evansi

Agina

Cheah

Sayuti

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim of this study was to measure the serum proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF & IFN-γ) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine ratio, oxidant (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme (SOD; GPx) activities after blood parasite infections. The blood and serum samples were obtained from 130 cattle and screened for identity of the infecting blood parasites by conventional PCR. The following blood parasite species were detected: Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (70/130); Theileria orientalis (65/130); Theileria sinensis (32/130); Anaplasma marginale (49/130); Anaplasma platys (7/130); and Trypanosoma evansi (4/130). The GM-CSF/IL-10 ratio showed significantly higher values in all the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle groups except for symptomatic A. platys infected cattle groups. Anti-inflammatory cytokine immune responses were notable findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle infected with C. M. haemobos and T. orientalis characterized by low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 (p < 0.05). Therefore, high serum GM-CSF:IL:10 in the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle, low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 ratios in asymptomatic cattle, high MDA level, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities could be useful predictive tools for outcome of natural blood parasite infections in cattle.

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The role of acute phase cytokines in the recovery and disease progress of Theileria annulata-infected cattle

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis

The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis

Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

High Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor to Interleukin 10 Ratio and Marked Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Predominate in Symptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis and Trypanosoma evansi

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