The role of acute phase proteins in diagnosis and management of steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis in dogs

Lowrie, Mark; Penderis, Jacques; Eckersall, P.D.; McLaughlin, Mark; Mellor, D. J.; Anderson, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.001

Cited by 64 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…SAA in dogs with diseases including varying degrees of systemic inflammation: Significant higher concentrations of SAA were observed in dogs with complicated neurologic, neoplastic and gastrointestinal disorders, compared to dogs with no systemic affection. The findings in neurological patients support the results of a previous study reporting increased concentrations of SAA in dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis [18], and consequently SAA seems like a promising parameter in the diagnostic work-up of neurological patients. However, increased concentrations of SAA were not detected in all dogs, despite inflammatory findings in CSF and/or MRI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The initial evaluations of an automated latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LAT, EIKEN, Tokyo, Japan), based on human monoclonal antibodies, have shown acceptable analytical and overlap performance [7], making routine diagnostic measurements of canine SAA possible. Previous studies of canine SAA have focused on specific disorders such as meningitis [18], neoplasia [23] or pyometra [8], but more knowledge of the diagnostic performance of SAA for a wider spectrum of disorders will be needed before SAA can be implemented as a routine marker of systemic inflammation for use in a general clinical setting [17].Initially, 3 aspects were investigated in the present study: First, the overlap performance of SAA was investigated thoroughly, based on the hypothesis that SAA can be used to differentiate dogs with systemic inflammation from diseased dogs with non-inflammatory disorders and clinically healthy dogs. Second, the diagnostic performance was compared to the traditional inflammatory parameters, body temperature,…”

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confidence: 99%

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Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Christensen

Langhorn

Goddard

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Canine serum amyloid A (SAA) is a useful diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation. A latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LAT) was validated for automated measurements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of SAA measured by the LAT. SAA was measured in 7 groups of dogs with and without systemic inflammation (n=247). Overlap performance was investigated. Diagnostic performance was compared to body temperature and leukocyte markers. Clinical decision limits for SAA were estimated. In dogs with neurological, neoplastic or gastrointestinal disorders (n=143), it was investigated whether a higher proportion of SAA positive dogs could be detected in cases of complications with risk of systemic inflammation. Significantly higher concentrations of SAA were measured in dogs with (range [48.75; 5,032 mg/l]), compared to dogs without systemic inflammation [0; 56.4 mg/l]. SAA was a more sensitive and specific marker of systemic inflammation (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) 1.00), compared to body temperature (0.6) and segmented neutrophils (best performing leukocyte marker, 0.84). A clinical decision limit of 56.4 mg/l was established giving close to perfect discrimination between dogs with and without systemic inflammation. Higher proportions of SAApositive dogs were observed in dogs with neurological, neoplastic and gastrointestinal disorders with complications known to increase risk of systemic inflammation, compared to uncomplicated cases. The automated LAT makes SAA applicable as a relevant diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation in dogs for routine random-access real-time use in a general clinical setting. KEY WORDS: canine, inflammation, veterinary clinical pathology.doi: 10.1292/jvms.12-0404; J. Vet. Med. Sci. 75(4): 459-466, 2013 The acute phase response (APR) is an unspecific systemic reaction, which follows various stimuli such as infection or trauma, causing systemic inflammation and disrupting homeostasis [3,21]. During the APR, the concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) are altered [21]. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major positive APP in dogs, and marked increases in concentrations are consequently observed during the APR [3]. Studies in several species have shown that SAA is a more sensitive marker of systemic inflammation than traditionally used parameters such as body temperature, leukocyte and neutrophil counts [12,19], and SAA can be used as a diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation in several species, including dogs [1,4,8,21]. The commercial availability of diagnostic assays has, however, been limited to resource and time consuming methods, and so far measurements of canine SAA have not been implemented in routine veterinary clinical biochemistry [3]. The initial evaluations of an automated latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LAT, EIKEN, Tokyo, Japan), based on human monoclonal antibodies, have shown acceptable analytical and overlap performance [7], making routine diagnostic measurements of canine SAA ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Christensen

Langhorn

Goddard

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The groups presented a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the results only on D18 ( Figure 5). Although not in relation to canine ehrlichiosis, haptoglobin levels had already been assessed in many studies in relation to infectious diseases (KOGIKA et al, 2003;DABROWSKI et al, 2007;MATIJATKO et al, 2007), inflammatory diseases (BAYRAMLI; ULUTAS, 2008;LOWRIE et al, 2009) and neoplasia (MISCHKE et al, 2007). Under all the conditions described, haptoglobin levels were found to be higher than under normal conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection changes acute-phase proteins

Munhoz

Faria

Vargas-Hérnandez

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis favors prompt institution of treatment and improves the prognosis for the animal, since this disease causes mortality among dogs. Studies have shown that determining the concentration of acute-phase proteins (APPs) may contribute towards early detection of disease and aid in predicting the prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the APP profile in dogs experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis, at the start of the infection and after treatment. It also investigated whether any correlation between APP levels and the clinical and laboratory alterations over the course of the disease would be possible. The results obtained showed abnormal levels of all the APPs on the third day after infection (D3), with the highest levels being reached on D18, with the exception of ceruloplasmin and acid glycoprotein, which presented their peaks on D6 and D12 respectively. We concluded that assessment of APP levels could contribute towards establishing an early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis, particularly regarding acid glycoprotein and ceruloplasmin, since these proteins were detected at increased levels even before the onset of clinical and laboratory findings of the disease.Keywords: Ehrlichia canis, experimental infection, acute-phase proteins, dogs. ResumoO diagnóstico precoce da erliquiose canina favorece a pronta instituição do tratamento e melhora o prognóstico do animal, pois se trata de uma doença de alta mortalidade em cães. Estudos têm apontado que a determinação da concentração de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) pode contribuir para detecção precoce de doenças e auxiliar na predição do prognóstico. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) em cães experimentalmente infectados com Ehrlichia canis, no início da infecção e após o tratamento. Além disso, se seria possível associá-las com as alterações clínico-laboratoriais durante o curso da doença. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que todas as PFA estudadas alteraram suas concentrações em D3 (dia 3), comparadas ao D0, atingindo concentrações máximas em D18, com exceção da ceruloplasmina e da glicoproteína ácida, cujos picos foram observados em D6 e D12, respectivamente. Concluímos que a avaliação das concentrações de PFA poderiam contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce da erliquiose canina, principalmente com relação à ceruloplasmina e glicoproteína ácida, pois seus aumentos foram anteriores ao aparecimento dos sinais clínicos e das alterações laboratoriais da doença.Palavras-chave: Ehrlichia canis, infecção experimental, proteínas de fase aguda, cães.

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“…C‐reactive protein is a positive type II acute phase protein expressed in the liver69 in response to infection, inflammation, or cancer,70 and the serum CRP concentration is a nonspecific marker of inflammation 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80. Quantification of canine CRP in serum can be done using several assay formats,81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 all of which have a reference interval of approximately 0–8 mg/L.…”

Section: Biomarkers In Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies Of Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of currently available biomarkers in inflammatory enteropathies of dogs

Heilmann

Steiner

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

108

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Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs are a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic persistent or recurrent signs of gastrointestinal disease and histologic evidence of mucosal inflammation. These CIEs are classified as either food‐responsive, antibiotic‐responsive, or immunosuppressant‐responsive enteropathy. Patients not clinically responding to immunomodulatory treatment are grouped as nonresponsive enteropathy and dogs with intestinal protein loss as protein‐losing enteropathy. Disease‐independent clinical scoring systems were established in dogs for assessment of clinical disease severity and patient monitoring during treatment. Histopathologic and routine clinicopathologic findings are usually not able to distinguish the subgroups of CIE. Treatment trials are often lengthy and further diagnostic tests are usually at least minimally invasive. Biomarkers that can aid in defining the presence of disease, site of origin, severity of the disease process, response to treatment, or a combination of these would be clinically useful in dogs with CIE. This article summarizes the following biomarkers that have been evaluated in dogs with CIE during the last decade, and critically evaluates their potential clinical utility in dogs with CIE: functional biomarkers (cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, folate, α1‐proteinase inhibitor, immunoglobulin A), biochemical biomarkers (C‐reactive protein, perinuclear anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, 3‐bromotyrosine, N‐methylhistamine, calprotectin, S100A12, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products, cytokines and chemokines, alkaline phosphatase), microbiomic biomarkers (microbiome changes, dysbiosis index), metabolomic biomarkers (serum metabolome), genetic biomarkers (genomic markers, gene expression changes), and cellular biomarkers (regulatory T cells). In addition, important performance criteria of diagnostic tests are briefly reviewed.

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The role of acute phase proteins in diagnosis and management of steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis in dogs

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection changes acute-phase proteins

Clinical utility of currently available biomarkers in inflammatory enteropathies of dogs

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